{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T23:24:21Z","timestamp":1768519461826,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,17]],"date-time":"2017-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PharmaSea Seventh Framework Programme (FP7)","award":["312184"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["312184"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to the rise in multi\u2010drug resistant pathogens and other diseases, there is renewed interest in marine sponge endosymbionts as a rich source of natural products (NPs). The South African marine environment is rich in marine biota that remains largely unexplored and may represent an important source for the discovery of novel NPs. We first investigated the bacterial diversity associated with five South African marine sponges, whose microbial populations had not previously been investigated,  and  select  the  two  sponges  (Isodictya  compressa  and  Higginsia  bidentifera) with highest species richness to culture bacteria. By employing 33 different growth conditions 415 sponge\u2010associated bacterial isolates were cultured and screened for antibacterial activity. Thirty\u2010five isolates showed antibacterial activity, twelve of which exhibited activity against the multi\u2010drug resistant Escherichia coli 1699, implying that some of the bioactive compounds could be novel. Genome sequencing of two of these isolates confirmed that they harbour uncharacterized biosynthetic pathways that may encode novel chemical structures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md15020047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,17]],"date-time":"2017-02-17T12:10:34Z","timestamp":1487333434000},"page":"47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Antibacterial Activities of Bacteria Isolated from the Marine Sponges Isodictya compressa and Higginsia bidentifera Collected from Algoa Bay, South Africa"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5771-2522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Relebohile","family":"Matobole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Microbial Biotechnology and Metagenomics (IMBM), Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Van Zyl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Microbial Biotechnology and Metagenomics (IMBM), Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shirley","family":"Parker\u2010Nance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, University Way, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa"},{"name":"South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Somerset Street, Grahamstown 6139, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Davies\u2010Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2478-0270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marla","family":"Trindade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Microbial Biotechnology and Metagenomics (IMBM), Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.2174\/092986706775197944","article-title":"Bacterial symbionts: Prospects for the sustainable production of invertebrate-derived pharmaceuticals","volume":"13","author":"Piel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. 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