{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T19:33:20Z","timestamp":1790883200879,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,19]],"date-time":"2018-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31570801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31570801"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31500747"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31500747"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Programs for High Technology Research and Development","award":["2014AA093604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014AA093604"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gut microbiota has been proved to be an indispensable link between nutrient excess and metabolic syndrome, and chitin oligosaccharide (NACOS) has displayed therapeutic effects on multiple diseases such as cancer and gastritis. In this study, we aim to confirm whether NACOS can ameliorate high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic syndrome by rebuilding the structure of the gut microbiota community. Male C57BL\/6J mice fed with HFD were treated with NACOS (1 mg\/mL) in drinking water for five months. The results indicate that NACOS improved glucose metabolic disorder in HFD-fed mice and suppressed mRNA expression of the protein regulators related to lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis, adipocyte differentiation, and inflammation in adipose tissues. Additionally, NACOS inhibited the destruction of the gut barrier in HFD-treated mice. Furthermore, 16S ribosome RNA sequencing of fecal samples demonstrates that NACOS promoted the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria remarkably and decreased the abundance of inflammogenic taxa. In summary, NACOS partly rebuilt the microbial community and improved the metabolic syndrome of HFD-fed mice. These data confirm the preventive effects of NACOS on nutrient excess-related metabolic diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md16020066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,20]],"date-time":"2018-02-20T03:54:22Z","timestamp":1519098862000},"page":"66","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Chitin Oligosaccharide Modulates Gut Microbiota and Attenuates High-Fat-Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9134-572X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junping","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production &amp; Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production &amp; Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiongyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production &amp; Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siming","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production &amp; Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cui","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production &amp; Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heng","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuguang","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production &amp; Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongtao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production &amp; Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.111.241893","article-title":"Targeting the consequences of the metabolic syndrome in the Diabetes Prevention Program","volume":"32","author":"Goldberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arterioscler. 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