{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T07:11:08Z","timestamp":1763017868962,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]],"date-time":"2018-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Proteins from different fish species and different raw materials such as fish fillets and by-products have shown promising cardioprotective effects in rodents and humans, including effects on cholesterol metabolism. Blue whiting is used mainly to produce fish meal for the feed industry and during this production, a water-soluble protein fraction, containing small peptides that are easily absorbed and may hold bioactive properties, is isolated. The effects of water-soluble fish protein on cholesterol metabolism were investigated in twelve male obese Zucker fa\/fa rats. Rats were fed diets with water-soluble protein from blue whiting (BWW) as 1\/3 of the total protein and the remaining 2\/3 as casein (BWW group) or with casein as the sole protein source (control group). After 5 weeks intervention, the BWW group had lower serum total, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations and lower cholesteryl ester concentration compared to controls. Hepatic concentrations of cholesterol, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, and LDL receptors were also lower in the BWW group. The groups had a similar concentration of serum total bile acids and similar fecal excretions of cholesterol and bile acids. To conclude, the BWW diet led to lower concentrations of serum and liver cholesterol in obese Zucker fa\/fa rats, probably due to lower hepatic cholesterol synthesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md16050149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,3]],"date-time":"2018-05-03T03:20:27Z","timestamp":1525317627000},"page":"149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Water-Soluble Fish Protein Intake Led to Lower Serum and Liver Cholesterol Concentrations in Obese Zucker fa\/fa Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3129-5756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aslaug","family":"Drotningsvik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dietary Protein Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Vedde AS, TripleNine Group, 6030 Langev\u00e5g, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linn Anja","family":"Vik\u00f8ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dietary Protein Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5948-7373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Svein Are","family":"Mj\u00f8s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Nofima AS, P.O. Box 1425 Oasen, 5828 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c5ge","family":"Oterhals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nofima AS, P.O. Box 1425 Oasen, 5828 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Pampanin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Institute of Stavanger, Mekjarvik 12, 4070 Randaberg, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ola","family":"Flesland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vedde AS, TripleNine Group, 6030 Langev\u00e5g, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5268-692X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oddrun Anita","family":"Gudbrandsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dietary Protein Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31012-1","article-title":"Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980\u20132015: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study","volume":"388","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70102-0","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes mortality burden of cardiometabolic risk factors from 1980 to 2010: A comparative risk assessment","volume":"2","author":"Danaei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2007). 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