{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T17:10:40Z","timestamp":1771953040360,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]],"date-time":"2019-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"&quot;Antitumor Drugs and Vaccines from the Sea (ADViSE)&quot;","award":["PG\/2018\/0494374"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PG\/2018\/0494374"]}]},{"name":"Italy-Brazil bilateral project","award":["# 490247\/2011-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["# 490247\/2011-3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Amphidinolides are cytotoxic macrolides produced by symbiotic unicellular microalgae of the genus Amphidinium. Here we describe the identification of four related molecules belonging to this macrolide family isolated from the invertebrate Stragulum bicolor. The new molecules, named amphidinolide PX1-PX3 and stragulin A (1\u20134), show an unprecedented carbon skeleton whose complete stereochemistry has been determined by spectroscopic and computational methods. Differences in the structures of these molecules modulate their biological activity in a panel of tumor cell lines, but the opened derivative stragulin (4) shows a very potent and specific cytotoxic activity (IC50 0.18 \u00b5M) against the aggressive human melanoma cell A2058.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md17010058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,17]],"date-time":"2019-01-17T03:02:03Z","timestamp":1547694123000},"page":"58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Potent Cytotoxic Analogs of Amphidinolides from the Atlantic Octocoral Stragulum bicolor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7065-2379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Genoveffa","family":"Nuzzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno de Ara\u00fajo","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e2nica e Inorg\u00e2nica, Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60020-181, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1665-2615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmela","family":"Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6439-7575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Amodeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clementina","family":"Sansone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ot\u00edlia D. L.","family":"Pessoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e2nica e Inorg\u00e2nica, Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60020-181, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emiliano","family":"Manzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9243-1307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa Maria","family":"Vitale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrianna","family":"Ianora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9855-2836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evelyne A.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 11030-400, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1861-5153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leticia V.","family":"Costa-Lotufo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 11030-400, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5453-461X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1021\/np0605844","article-title":"Bioactive Macrolides and Polyketides from Marine Dinoflagellates of the Genus Amphidinium","volume":"70","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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