{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T03:25:13Z","timestamp":1787973913088,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,18]],"date-time":"2019-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001588","name":"Enterprise Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IP 2017 0518"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IP 2017 0518"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001588","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Marine and salmon polar lipids (PLs) extracted by conventional extractions with non-food-grade solvents (CE-salmon-PLs) possess antithrombotic bioactivities against platelet-activating factor (PAF) and thrombin. Similar effects of food-grade-extracted (FGE) marine PLs have not yet been reported. In this study, food-grade solvents were used to extract PLs from Irish organic farmed salmon (Salmo salar) fillets (FGE-salmon-PLs), while their antithrombotic bioactivities were assessed in human platelets induced by platelet aggregation agonists (PAF\/thrombin). FGE-salmon-PLs were further separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC) into lipid subclasses, and the antithrombotic bioactivities of each subclass were also assessed. LC-MS was utilized to elucidate the structure-activity relationships. FGE-salmon-PLs strongly inhibited PAF-induced platelet aggregation, while their relevant anti-thrombin effects were at least three times more potent than the previously reported activities of CE-salmon-PLs. TLC-derived lipid fractions corresponding to phosphatidylcholines (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) were the most bioactive lipid subclasses obtained, especially against thrombin. Their LC-MS analysis elucidated that they are diacyl- or alkyl-acyl- PC and PE moieties baring \u03c93 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) at their sn-2 position, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Our results concerning the potent antithrombotic effects of FGE-salmon-PLs against both PAF and thrombin pathways strongly suggest that such food-grade extracts are putative candidates for the development of novel cardioprotective supplements and nutraceuticals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md17010062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,18]],"date-time":"2019-01-18T05:41:08Z","timestamp":1547790068000},"page":"62","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["In Vitro Antithrombotic Properties of Salmon (Salmo salar) Phospholipids in a Novel Food-Grade Extract"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0837-9778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandros","family":"Tsoupras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9668-3368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronan","family":"Lordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Shiels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Limerick Institute of Technology, Moylish Park, V94 E8YF Limerick, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3981-8833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sushanta Kumar","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Limerick Institute of Technology, Moylish Park, V94 E8YF Limerick, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1854-9117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constantina","family":"Nasopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, GR 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8175-950X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Zabetakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-11-3","article-title":"Health effects of dietary phospholipids","volume":"11","author":"Taylor","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15401","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms131115401","article-title":"Marine omega-3 phospholipids: Metabolism and biological activities","volume":"13","author":"Burri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. 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