{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T12:28:50Z","timestamp":1785241730338,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AGL2014-51773-C3-1-R, AGL2015-67995-C3-1-R, BIO2017-82851-C3-1-R and PIE 201230E057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGL2014-51773-C3-1-R, AGL2015-67995-C3-1-R, BIO2017-82851-C3-1-R and PIE 201230E057"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Xunta de Galicia (GAIN)","award":["IN607B\/2016\/12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN607B\/2016\/12"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Global health is under attack by increasingly-frequent pandemics of viral origin. Antimicrobial peptides are a valuable tool to combat pathogenic microorganisms. Previous studies from our group have shown that the membrane-lytic region of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) NK-lysine short peptide (Nkl71\u2013100) exerts an anti-protozoal activity, probably due to membrane rupture. In addition, NK-lysine protein is highly expressed in zebrafish in response to viral infections. In this work several biophysical methods, such as vesicle aggregation, leakage and fluorescence anisotropy, are employed to investigate the interaction of Nkl71\u2013100 with different glycerophospholipid vesicles. At acidic pH, Nkl71\u2013100 preferably interacts with phosphatidylserine (PS), disrupts PS membranes, and allows the content leakage from vesicles. Furthermore, Nkl71\u2013100 exerts strong antiviral activity against spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) by inhibiting not only the binding of viral particles to host cells, but also the fusion of virus and cell membranes, which requires a low pH context. Such antiviral activity seems to be related to the important role that PS plays in these steps of the replication cycle of SVCV, a feature that is shared by other families of virus-comprising members with health and veterinary relevance. Consequently, Nkl71\u2013100 is shown as a promising broad-spectrum antiviral candidate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md17020087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T03:08:05Z","timestamp":1548990485000},"page":"87","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Antiviral Activity of a Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) NK-Lysin Peptide by Inhibition of Low-pH Virus-Induced Membrane Fusion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7726-6577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Falco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n, Desarrollo e Innovaci\u00f3n en Biotecnolog\u00eda Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE) and Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University (UMH); 03202 Elche Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9401-8292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Regla Mar\u00eda","family":"Medina-Gali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n, Desarrollo e Innovaci\u00f3n en Biotecnolog\u00eda Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE) and Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University (UMH); 03202 Elche Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0722-3752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Antonio","family":"Poveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n, Desarrollo e Innovaci\u00f3n en Biotecnolog\u00eda Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE) and Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University (UMH); 03202 Elche Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Bello-Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n, Desarrollo e Innovaci\u00f3n en Biotecnolog\u00eda Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE) and Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University (UMH); 03202 Elche Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Novoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7219-3863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Antonio","family":"Encinar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n, Desarrollo e Innovaci\u00f3n en Biotecnolog\u00eda Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE) and Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University (UMH); 03202 Elche Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.04.082","article-title":"Aids, avian flu, sars, mers, ebola, zika\u2026 What next?","volume":"35","author":"Reperant","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60560-1","article-title":"Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality: An updated systematic analysis for 2010 with time trends since 2000","volume":"379","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00417","article-title":"Challenges in HIV vaccine research for treatment and prevention","volume":"5","author":"Ensoli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12493","article-title":"Why is it so difficult to develop a hepatitis C virus preventive vaccine?","volume":"20","author":"Zingaretti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. 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