{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T20:42:55Z","timestamp":1774989775755,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]],"date-time":"2019-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gingival recession (GR) potentially leads to the exposure of tooth root to the oral cavity microenvironment and increases susceptibility to dental caries, dentin hypersensitivity, and other dental diseases. Even though many etiological factors were reported, the specific mechanism of GR is yet to be elucidated. Given the species richness concerning marine biodiversity, it could be a treasure trove for drug discovery. In this study, we demonstrate the effects of a marine compound, (+)-rhodoptilometrin from crinoid, on gingival cell migration, wound healing, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Experimental results showed that (+)-rhodoptilometrin can significantly increase wound healing, migration, and proliferation of human gingival fibroblast cells, and it does not have effects on oral mucosa fibroblast cells. In addition, (+)-rhodoptilometrin increases the gene and protein expression levels of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), fibronectin, and type I collagen, changes the intracellular distribution of FAK and F-actin, and increases OXPHOS and the expression levels of complexes I~V in the mitochondria. Based on our results, we believe that (+)-rhodoptilometrin might increase FAK expression and promote mitochondrial function to affect cell migration and promote gingival regeneration. Therefore, (+)-rhodoptilometrin may be a promising therapeutic agent for GR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md17030138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]],"date-time":"2019-02-27T11:41:03Z","timestamp":1551267663000},"page":"138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Rhodoptilometrin, a Crinoid-Derived Anthraquinone, Induces Cell Regeneration by Promoting Wound Healing and Oxidative Phosphorylation in Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5791-5928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chung-Chih","family":"Tseng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81357, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Cheng","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsu-Jen","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jui-Hsin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan"},{"name":"National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung County 94450, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6644-9236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ping-Jyun","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan"},{"name":"National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung County 94450, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chien-Wei","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7636-1115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yen-You","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ping-Tung Christian Hospital, Pingtung 90059, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pei-Chin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan"},{"name":"Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming-Hong","family":"Tai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroscience, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7175-7989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shu-Yu","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan"},{"name":"Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5749-7757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsiao-Mei","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Neuroscience, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4411-044X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhi-Hong","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan"},{"name":"Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4807326","article-title":"Root caries in older people attending a general dental practice in East Sussex","volume":"169","author":"Hellyer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.2002.290804.x","article-title":"Dentine hypersensitivity in Jordanian dental attenders. A case control study","volume":"29","author":"Linden","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2003.0137","article-title":"The etiology and prevalence of gingival recession","volume":"134","author":"Kassab","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc. (1939)"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2016.08.019","article-title":"Periodontal Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Is Caused by Mutations in C1R and C1S, which Encode Subcomponents C1r and C1s of Complement","volume":"99","author":"Pepin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12807","article-title":"Periodontal manifestations of Ehlers-Danlos syndromes: A systematic review","volume":"44","author":"Lundberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1590\/2177-6709.21.3.018-029.oin","article-title":"Gingival recession: Its causes and types, and the importance of orthodontic treatment","volume":"21","author":"Jati","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dent. Press J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1967.38.4.316","article-title":"Prevalence and etiology of gingival recession","volume":"38","author":"Gorman","year":"1967","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1984.tb00911.x","article-title":"Depth of alveolar bone dehiscences in relation to gingival recessions","volume":"11","author":"Lost","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"64","article-title":"Aetiology and Severity of Gingival Recession in an Adult Population Sample in Greece","volume":"8","author":"Chrysanthakopoulos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dent. Res. J."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"563421","article-title":"Gingival Recession: Review and Strategies in Treatment of Recession","volume":"2012","author":"Pradeep","year":"2012","journal-title":"Case Rep. Dent."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.11607\/prd.3044","article-title":"Connective tissue graft and crown-resin composite restoration for the treatment of gingival recession associated with noncarious cervical lesions: Case series","volume":"37","author":"Silveira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodontics Restor. Dent."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"136","article-title":"Dentin Hypersensitivity: Etiology, Diagnosis and Treatment; A Literature Review","volume":"14","author":"Davari","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"190342","article-title":"Evaluation of Wound Closure Activity of Nigella sativa, Melastoma malabathricum, Pluchea indica, and Piper sarmentosum Extracts on Scratched Monolayer of Human Gingival Fibroblasts","volume":"2014","year":"2014","journal-title":"Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huynh, N.C., Everts, V., Leethanakul, C., Pavasant, P., and Ampornaramveth, R.S. (2016). Rinsing with Saline Promotes Human Gingival Fibroblast Wound Healing In Vitro. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159843"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takagi, H., Sato, M.J., Yanagida, T., and Ueda, M. (2008). Functional analysis of spontaneous cell movement under different physiological conditions. PLoS ONE, 3.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002648"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1092053","article-title":"Cell migration: Integrating signals from front to back","volume":"302","author":"Ridley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s11538-005-9028-x","article-title":"Modelling directional guidance and motility regulation in cell migration","volume":"68","author":"Cai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bull. Math. Biol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ib20159c","article-title":"Integrating focal adhesion dynamics, cytoskeleton remodeling, and actin motor activity for predicting cell migration on 3D curved surfaces of the extracellular matrix","volume":"4","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Integr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2957","article-title":"Cell adhesion: Integrating cytoskeletal dynamics and cellular tension","volume":"11","author":"Parsons","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2004.04.008","article-title":"Control of motile and invasive cell phenotypes by focal adhesion kinase","volume":"1692","author":"Schlaepfer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910608500207","article-title":"Differential uPA expression by TGF-beta1 in gingival fibroblasts","volume":"85","author":"Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034514533126","article-title":"Defective Wound-healing in Aging Gingival Tissue","volume":"93","author":"Caceres","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07039","article-title":"Wound repair and regeneration","volume":"453","author":"Gurtner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"1024","article-title":"Neandertal genetics","volume":"277","author":"Clark","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4195","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.023820","article-title":"The extracellular matrix at a glance","volume":"123 Pt 24","author":"Frantz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1023\/B:MCBI.0000038228.85494.3b","article-title":"Mitochondrial signaling pathways: A receiver\/integrator organelle","volume":"262","author":"Goldenthal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4272","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.632208","article-title":"Aberrant mitochondria in a Bethlem myopathy patient with a homozygous amino acid substitution that destabilizes the collagen VI alpha2(VI) chain","volume":"290","author":"Zamurs","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2015.256","article-title":"Focal adhesion kinase-promoted tumor glucose metabolism is associated with a shift of mitochondrial respiration to glycolysis","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Visavadiya, N.P., Keasey, M.P., Razskazovskiy, V., Banerjee, K., Jia, C., Lovins, C., Wright, G.L., and Hagg, T. (2016). Integrin-FAK signaling rapidly and potently promotes mitochondrial function through STAT3. Cell Commun. Signal., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-016-0157-7"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(00)00357-9","article-title":"Ecteinascidin-743 (ET-743), a natural marine compound, with a unique mechanism of action","volume":"37","author":"Erba","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4039(01)89710-0","article-title":"Studies on the antimicrobial substances of sponges. II. Structure and synthesis of a bromine-containing antibacterial compound from a marine sponge","volume":"42","author":"Sharma","year":"1967","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.5.1256","article-title":"Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of ecteinascidin-743, a new marine compound, administered as a 24-h continuous infusion in patients with solid tumors","volume":"19","author":"Taamma","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1071\/CH9670541","article-title":"Pigments of marine animals. VI. Anthraquinoid pigments of the crinoids Ptilometra australis Wilton and Tropiometra afra Hartlaub","volume":"20","author":"Powell","year":"1967","journal-title":"Aust. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.3390\/md7040565","article-title":"Detailed NMR, including 1,1-ADEQUATE, and anticancer studies of compounds from the echinoderm Colobometra perspinosa","volume":"7","author":"Wright","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"317","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory anthraquinones from the crinoid Himerometra magnipinna","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.c18-00472","article-title":"Anthraquinone and Butenolide Constituents from the Crinoid Capillaster multiradiatus","volume":"66","author":"Vien","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.019","article-title":"Altered mitochondrial dynamics and response to insulin in cybrid cells harboring a diabetes-susceptible mitochondrial DNA haplogroup","volume":"96","author":"Kuo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"583","article-title":"Enamel matrix proteins (Emdogain) in combination with coronally advanced flap or subepithelial connective tissue graft in the treatment of shallow gingival recessions","volume":"22","author":"Berlucchi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodontics Restor. Dent."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2004.75.4.600","article-title":"A multicenter comparative study of two root coverage procedures: Coronally advanced flap with addition of enamel matrix proteins and subpedicle connective tissue graft","volume":"75","author":"Nemcovsky","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2004.75.7.949","article-title":"A comparative study of coronally advanced flaps with and without the addition of enamel matrix derivative in the treatment of marginal tissue recession","volume":"75","author":"Cueva","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01264.x","article-title":"Biological mediators and periodontal regeneration: A review of enamel matrix proteins at the cellular and molecular levels","volume":"35","author":"Bosshardt","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.4047\/jap.2014.6.5.406","article-title":"Cellular viability and genetic expression of human gingival fibroblasts to zirconia with enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain\u00ae)","volume":"6","author":"Kwon","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Adv. Prosthodont."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2010.11.001","article-title":"Focal adhesion kinase and its signaling pathways in cell migration and angiogenesis","volume":"63","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1038\/377539a0","article-title":"Reduced cell motility and enhanced focal adhesion contact formation in cells from FAK-deficient mice","volume":"377","author":"Ilic","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.7.8.1209","article-title":"Inhibition of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling in focal adhesions decreases cell motility and proliferation","volume":"7","author":"Gilmore","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.109.7.1787","article-title":"Stimulation of cell migration by overexpression of focal adhesion kinase and its association with Src and Fyn","volume":"109 Pt 7","author":"Cary","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4806","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.19.7.4806","article-title":"Induced focal adhesion kinase (FAK) expression in FAK-null cells enhances cell spreading and migration requiring both auto- and activation loop phosphorylation sites and inhibits adhesion-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of Pyk2","volume":"19","author":"Owen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3673","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.113.20.3673","article-title":"Focal adhesion kinase suppresses Rho activity to promote focal adhesion turnover","volume":"113 Pt 20","author":"Ren","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33857","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M204429200","article-title":"Roles of Rho-associated kinase and myosin light chain kinase in morphological and migratory defects of focal adhesion kinase-null cells","volume":"277","author":"Chen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2662","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e16-05-0286","article-title":"AMPK activity regulates trafficking of mitochondria to the leading edge during cell migration and matrix invasion","volume":"27","author":"Cunniff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8638","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1500722112","article-title":"PI3K therapy reprograms mitochondrial trafficking to fuel tumor cell invasion","volume":"112","author":"Caino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2013.03.025","article-title":"Mitochondrial localization and the persistent migration of epithelial cancer cells","volume":"104","author":"Desai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4814","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2012.494","article-title":"Mitochondrial dynamics regulates migration and invasion of breast cancer cells","volume":"32","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"58","article-title":"Structural organization of the mitochondrial respiratory chain","volume":"52","author":"Genova","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ital. J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M800319-JLR200","article-title":"Cardiolipin and electron transport chain abnormalities in mouse brain tumor mitochondria: Lipidomic evidence supporting the Warburg theory of cancer","volume":"49","author":"Kiebish","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.15252\/msb.20145746","article-title":"A computational study of the Warburg effect identifies metabolic targets inhibiting cancer migration","volume":"10","author":"Yizhak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Syst. Biol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6","article-title":"Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent","volume":"193","author":"Lowry","year":"1951","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."}],"container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-3397\/17\/3\/138\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:35:03Z","timestamp":1760186103000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-3397\/17\/3\/138"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["md17030138"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/md17030138","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-3397"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-3397","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]]}}}