{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:55:01Z","timestamp":1787028901577,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,25]],"date-time":"2020-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41776168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41776168"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41906093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41906093"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ningbo Public Service Platform for High-Value Utilization of Marine Biological Resources","award":["NBHY-2017-P2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NBHY-2017-P2"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013314","name":"National 111 Project of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D16013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D16013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013314","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2017BD009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2017BD009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Program of Weihai Science and Technology Development","award":["2018ZC11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018ZC11"]}]},{"name":"the State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology Open Projects Fund","award":["M2019-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M2019-05"]}]},{"name":"the State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs","award":["K20190205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K20190205"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An efficient strategy was developed for the rapid separation and enrichment of bafilomycin A1 (baf A1) from a crude extract of the marine microorganism Streptomyces lohii fermentation. This strategy comprises liquid\u2212liquid extraction (LLE) with a three-phase solvent system (n-hexane\u2013ethyl acetate\u2013acetonitrile\u2013water = 7:3:5:5, v\/v\/v\/v) followed by separation using high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC). The results showed that a 480.2-mg fraction of baf A1-enriched extract in the middle phase of the three-phase solvent system was prepared from 4.9 g of crude extract after two consecutive one-step operations. Over 99% of soybean oil, the main hydrophobic waste in the crude extract, and the majority of hydrophilic impurities were distributed in the upper and lower phase, respectively. HSCCC was used with a two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane\u2013acetonitrile\u2013water (15:8:12, v\/v\/v) to isolate and purify baf A1 from the middle phase fraction, which yielded 77.4 mg of baf A1 with &gt; 95% purity within 90 min. The overall recovery of baf A1 in the process was determined to be 95.7%. The use of a three-phase solvent system represents a novel strategy for the simultaneous removal of hydrophobic oil and hydrophilic impurities from a microbial fermentation extract.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md18060332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,25]],"date-time":"2020-06-25T10:36:54Z","timestamp":1593081414000},"page":"332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Efficient Preparation of Bafilomycin A1 from Marine Streptomyces lohii Fermentation Using Three-Phase Extraction and High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ye","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China"},{"name":"School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoping","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingwang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, and CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels at Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rushan Hanwei Biological Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Rushan 264502, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0257-0157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0196-7278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4039(00)88394-X","article-title":"The structure of the bafilomycins, a new group of macrolide antibiotics","volume":"24","author":"Werner","year":"1983","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.37.110","article-title":"Metabolic products of microorganisms. 224. 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