{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T18:48:44Z","timestamp":1792262924534,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,28]],"date-time":"2020-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NO. 2018M640611"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NO. 2018M640611"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NO. ZR2019BD026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NO. ZR2019BD026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Doctor Innovation Program of Shandong Province","award":["NO. 201902036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NO. 201902036"]}]},{"name":"Qingdao Applied Research Program of postdoctoral Researchers","award":["NO.2019022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NO.2019022"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["No. LY19D060006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. LY19D060006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The water-soluble polysaccharide EP2, from Enteromorpha prolifera, belongs to the group of polysaccharides known as glucuronoxylorhamnan, which mainly contains glucuronic acid (GlcA), xylose (Xyl), and rhamnose (Rha). The aim of this study was to detect the immunomodulatory effects of EP2 on RAW 264.7 macrophages and cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced immunosuppression mouse models. The cells were treated with EP2 for different time periods (0, 0.5, 1, 3, and 6 h). The results showed that EP2 promoted nitric oxide production and up-regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and TNF-\u03b1, in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, we found that EP2-activated iNOS, COX2, and NLRP3 inflammasomes, and the TLR4\/MAPK\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway played an important role. Moreover, EP2 significantly increased the body weight, spleen index, thymus index, inflammatory cell counts, and the levels of IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and TNF-\u03b1 in CYP-induced immunosuppression mouse models. These results indicate that EP2 might be a potential immunomodulatory drug and provide the scientific basis for the comprehensive utilization and evaluation of E. prolifera in future applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md18070340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]],"date-time":"2020-06-29T03:40:07Z","timestamp":1593402007000},"page":"340","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Immunomodulatory Effects of a Low-Molecular Weight Polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera on RAW 264.7 Macrophages and Cyclophosphamide- Induced Immunosuppression Mouse Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Yingjuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0551-0291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weihua","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunliang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.10.10.8751716","article-title":"From legumes to leukocytes: Biological roles for sulfated carbohydrates","volume":"10","author":"Hooper","year":"1996","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwn085","article-title":"Structure, biology, evolution, and medical importance of sulfated fucans and galactans","volume":"18","author":"Pomin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2017.1392289","article-title":"Elaboration in type, primary structure, and bioactivity of polysaccharides derived from mollusks","volume":"59","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit. 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