{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T14:42:02Z","timestamp":1790520122826,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,18]],"date-time":"2020-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"State Agency for Research (AEI) of Spain, co-funded by the FEDER Programme from the European Union","award":["RTI2018-093634-B-C22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-093634-B-C22"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI15\/00860 and PI18\/00501 to GB and PI14\/00059 and PI17\/01482"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI15\/00860 and PI18\/00501 to GB and PI14\/00059 and PI17\/01482"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Programme INTERREG V A of Spain-Portugal (POCTEP)","award":["BLUEBIOLAB (0474_BLUEBIOLAB_1_E)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BLUEBIOLAB (0474_BLUEBIOLAB_1_E)"]}]},{"name":"Agencia Gallega de Innovaci\u00f3n - Conseller\u00eda de Econom\u00eda, Emprego e Industria)","award":["GRC2018\/039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRC2018\/039"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010801","name":"Xunta de Galicia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Agrupaci\u00f3n Estrat\u00e9gica CICA-INIBIC ED431E 2018\/03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Agrupaci\u00f3n Estrat\u00e9gica CICA-INIBIC ED431E 2018\/03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["REIPI RD16\/0016\/006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["REIPI RD16\/0016\/006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A total of 51 sponges (Porifera) and 13 ascidians (Chordata) were collected on the coast of the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico) and extracted with organic solvents. The resulting extracts were screened for antibacterial activity against four multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens: the Gram-negative Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the organic extracts of each marine organism were determined using a broth microdilution assay. Extracts of eight of the species, in particular the Agelas citrina and Haliclona (Rhizoniera) curacaoensis, displayed activity against some of the pathogens tested. Some of the extracts showed similar MIC values to known antibiotics such as penicillins and aminoglycosides. This study is the first to carry out antimicrobial screening of extracts of marine sponges and ascidians collected from the Yucatan Peninsula. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the active extracts from the sponges Amphimedon compressa and A. citrina displayed, as a preliminary result, that an inseparable mixture of halitoxins and amphitoxins and (-)-agelasine B, respectively, are the major compounds responsible for their corresponding antibacterial activities. This is the first report of the antimicrobial activity of halitoxins and amphitoxins against major multidrug-resistant human pathogens. The promising antibacterial activities detected in this study indicate the coast of Yucatan Peninsula as a potential source of a great variety of marine organisms worthy of further research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md18070369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]],"date-time":"2020-07-20T06:08:17Z","timestamp":1595225297000},"page":"369","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Marine Organisms from the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico) as a Potential Natural Source of Antibacterial Compounds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1680-4340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dawrin","family":"Pech-Puch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3ns Cient\u00edficas Avanzadas (CICA) e Departmento de Qu\u00edmica, Facultade de Ciencias, AE CICA-INIBIC, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, 15071 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar","family":"P\u00e9rez-Povedano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3ns Cient\u00edficas Avanzadas (CICA) e Departmento de Qu\u00edmica, Facultade de Ciencias, AE CICA-INIBIC, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, 15071 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2465-5816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Acad\u00e9mica de Ecolog\u00eda y Biodiversidad Acu\u00e1tica, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, CDMX 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Guiti\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolox\u00eda, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica AE CICA-INIBIC, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coru\u00f1a, 15006 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3351-2064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Lasarte-Monterrubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolox\u00eda, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica AE CICA-INIBIC, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coru\u00f1a, 15006 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4949-0779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"V\u00e1zquez-Ucha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolox\u00eda, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica AE CICA-INIBIC, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coru\u00f1a, 15006 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Lourdes","family":"Novoa-Olmedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolox\u00eda, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica AE CICA-INIBIC, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coru\u00f1a, 15006 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8419-6092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Guill\u00e9n-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Marina, Campus de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Yucat\u00e1n, Carretera M\u00e9rida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5, M\u00e9rida C.P. 97000, Yucat\u00e1n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3197-6132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harold","family":"Villegas-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Marina, Campus de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Yucat\u00e1n, Carretera M\u00e9rida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5, M\u00e9rida C.P. 97000, Yucat\u00e1n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Germ\u00e1n","family":"Bou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolox\u00eda, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica AE CICA-INIBIC, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coru\u00f1a, 15006 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5348-6970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3ns Cient\u00edficas Avanzadas (CICA) e Departmento de Qu\u00edmica, Facultade de Ciencias, AE CICA-INIBIC, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, 15071 A Coru\u00f1a, 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