{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T22:44:08Z","timestamp":1789253048375,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]],"date-time":"2020-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2019R1C1C1005608"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2019R1C1C1005608"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inflammation affects various organs of the human body, including skeletal muscle. Phlorotannins are natural biologically active substances found in marine brown algae and exhibit anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we focused on the effects of phlorotannins on anti-inflammatory activity and skeletal muscle cell proliferation activity to identify the protective effects on the inflammatory myopathy. First, the five species of marine brown algal extracts dramatically inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells without toxicity at all the concentrations tested. Moreover, the extracts collected from Ishige okamurae (I. okamurae) significantly increased cell proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts compared to the non-treated cells with non-toxicity. In addition, as a result of finding a potential tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1 inhibitor that regulates the signaling pathway of muscle degradation in I. okamurae-derived natural bioactive compounds, Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) is favorably docked to the TNF-\u03b1 with the lowest binding energy and docking interaction energy value. Moreover, DPHC down-regulated the mRNA expression level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppressed the muscle RING-finger protein (MuRF)-1 and Muscle Atrophy F-box (MAFbx)\/Atrgoin-1, which are the key protein muscle atrophy via nuclear factor-\u03baB (NF-\u03baB), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) signaling pathways in TNF-\u03b1-stimulated C2C12 myotubes. Therefore, it is expected that DPHC isolated from IO would be developed as a TNF-\u03b1 inhibitor against inflammatory myopathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md18110529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]],"date-time":"2020-10-26T10:38:35Z","timestamp":1603708715000},"page":"529","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) Isolated from the Brown Alga Ishige okamurae Acts on Inflammatory Myopathy as an Inhibitory Agent of TNF-\u03b1"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Seo-Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea"},{"name":"Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon 24341, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ginnae","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Applied Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 75, Jangsan-ro 101-gil, Janghang-eup, Seocheon 33662, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Geon","family":"Je","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7712-7697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kil-Nam","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon 24341, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3299-7266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"You-Jin","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930600622256","article-title":"Cytokines in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies","volume":"39","author":"Salomonsson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C370","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00453.2002","article-title":"TNF-alpha is a mitogen in skeletal muscle","volume":"285","author":"Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. 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