{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T20:09:25Z","timestamp":1773259765953,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Seaweed lectins, especially high-mannose-specific lectins from red algae, have been identified as potential antiviral agents that are capable of blocking the replication of various enveloped viruses like influenza virus, herpes virus, and HIV-1 in vitro. Their antiviral activity depends on the recognition of glycoprotein receptors on the surface of sensitive host cells\u2014in particular, hemagglutinin for influenza virus or gp120 for HIV-1, which in turn triggers fusion events, allowing the entry of the viral genome into the cells and its subsequent replication. The diversity of glycans present on the S-glycoproteins forming the spikes covering the SARS-CoV-2 envelope, essentially complex type N-glycans and high-mannose type N-glycans, suggests that high-mannose-specific seaweed lectins are particularly well adapted as glycan probes for coronaviruses. This review presents a detailed study of the carbohydrate-binding specificity of high-mannose-specific seaweed lectins, demonstrating their potential to be used as specific glycan probes for coronaviruses, as well as the biomedical interest for both the detection and immobilization of SARS-CoV-2 to avoid shedding of the virus into the environment. The use of these seaweed lectins as replication blockers for SARS-CoV-2 is also discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md18110543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T09:44:53Z","timestamp":1603964693000},"page":"543","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Man-Specific, GalNAc\/T\/Tn-Specific and Neu5Ac-Specific Seaweed Lectins as Glycan Probes for the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Coronavirus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1360-8491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annick","family":"Barre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche et D\u00e9veloppement, Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, UMR 152 PharmaDev, Universit\u00e9 Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Mara\u00eechers, 31062 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9848-766X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Els J.M. Van","family":"Damme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9303-5584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathias","family":"Simplicien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche et D\u00e9veloppement, Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, UMR 152 PharmaDev, Universit\u00e9 Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Mara\u00eechers, 31062 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Herv\u00e9","family":"Benoist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche et D\u00e9veloppement, Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, UMR 152 PharmaDev, Universit\u00e9 Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Mara\u00eechers, 31062 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Roug\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche et D\u00e9veloppement, Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, UMR 152 PharmaDev, Universit\u00e9 Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Mara\u00eechers, 31062 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.1966.tb04699.x","article-title":"Agglutinins in Marine Algae for Human Erythrocytes","volume":"6","author":"Boyd","year":"1966","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"162","article-title":"Survey of British Seaweeds for H\u00e6magglutinins","volume":"36","author":"Blunden","year":"1975","journal-title":"Lloydia"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(88)80097-9","article-title":"Mitogenic and Antineoplastic Isoagglutinins from the Red Alga Solieria robusta","volume":"27","author":"Hori","year":"1988","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014057407251","article-title":"The Cytotoxic Effect of Eucheuma serrata Agglutinin (ESA) on Cancer Cells and Its Application to Molecular Probe for Drug Delivery System Using Lipid Vesicles","volume":"36","author":"Sugahara","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cytotechnology"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1097\/01.cad.0000224458.13651.b4","article-title":"The Anti-Tumor Effect of Euchema serra Agglutinin on Colon Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo","volume":"17","author":"Fukuda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anticancer Drugs"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/842785","article-title":"Active Targeting to Osteosarcoma Cells and Apoptotic Cell Death Induction by the Novel Lectin Eucheuma serra Agglutinin Isolated from a Marine Red Alga","volume":"2012","author":"Hayashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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