{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T12:20:17Z","timestamp":1791980417228,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]],"date-time":"2020-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005925","name":"Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TCMMP 105-08-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCMMP 105-08-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009383","name":"Tzu Chi University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TCMF-SP 108-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCMF-SP 108-04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["MOST-107-2410-H320-DOI-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST-107-2410-H320-DOI-MY3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive eye disease that causes irreversible impairment of central vision, and effective treatment is not yet available. Extracellular accumulation of amyloid-beta (A\u03b2) in drusen that lie under the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) has been reported as one of the early signs of AMD and was found in more than 60% of Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) patients. Extracellular deposition of A\u03b2 can induce the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1\u03b2, TNF-\u03b1, COX-2, and iNOS in RPE cells. Thus, finding a compound that can effectively reduce the inflammatory response may help the treatment of AMD. In this research, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of the coral-derived compound 4-(phenylsulfanyl) butan-2-one (4-PSB-2) on A\u03b21-42 oligomer (oA\u03b21-42) added to the human adult retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19). Our results demonstrated that 4-PSB-2 can decrease the elevated expressions of TNF-\u03b1, COX-2, and iNOS via NF-\u03baB signaling in ARPE-19 cells treated with oA\u03b21-42 without causing any cytotoxicity or notable side effects. This study suggests that 4-PSB-2 is a promising drug candidate for attenuation of AMD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md19010001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]],"date-time":"2020-12-23T08:38:43Z","timestamp":1608712723000},"page":"1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["4-(Phenylsulfanyl) Butan-2-One Attenuates the Inflammatory Response Induced by Amyloid-\u03b2 Oligomers in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Peeraporn","family":"Varinthra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shun-Ping","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Supin","family":"Chompoopong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4411-044X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhi-Hong","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2795-2461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid Y.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s40662-016-0063-5","article-title":"Epidemiology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD): Associations with cardiovascular disease phenotypes and lipid factors","volume":"3","author":"Pennington","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eye Vis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.04.015","article-title":"Ranibizumab versus bevacizumab to treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration: One-year findings from the IVAN randomized trial","volume":"119","author":"Investigators","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1102673","article-title":"Ranibizumab and bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"364","author":"Group","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. 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