{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T03:49:36Z","timestamp":1769917776033,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]],"date-time":"2021-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010260","name":"Xiamen Southern Oceanographic Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["13GYY003NF16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13GYY003NF16"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010260","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major global health problem. It is therefore imperative to develop drugs for anti-hepatitis B with high-efficiency and low toxicity. Attracted by the observations and evidence that the symptoms of some patients from the Southern Fujian, China, suffering from hepatitis B were alleviated after daily eating an edible marine mollusk, Thais clavigera (K\u00fcster 1860) (TCK). Water-soluble polysaccharide from TCK (TCKP1) was isolated and characterized. The anti-HBV activity of TCKP1 and its regulatory pathway were investigated on both HepG2.2.15 cell line and HBV transgenic mice. The data obtained from in vitro studies showed that TCKP1 significantly enhanced the production of IFN-\u03b1, and reduced the level of HBV antigens and HBV DNA in the supernatants of HepG2.2.15 cells in a dose-dependent manner with low cytotoxicity. The result of the study on the HBV transgenic mice further revealed that TCKP1 significantly decreased the level of transaminases, HBsAg, HBeAg, and HBV DNA in the serum, as well as HBsAg, HBeAg, HBV DNA, and HBV RNA in the liver of HBV transgenic (HBV-Tg) mice. Furthermore, TCKP1 exhibited equivalent inhibitory effect with the positive control tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) on the markers above except for HBV DNA even in low dosage in a mouse model. However, the TCKP1 high-dose group displayed stronger inhibition of transaminases and liver HBsAg, HBeAg, and HBV RNA when compared with those of TAF. Meanwhile, inflammation of the liver was, by pathological observation, relieved in a dose-dependent manner after being treated with TCKP1. In addition, elevated levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon \u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3), and reduced level of interleukin-4 (IL-4) in the serum were observed, indicating that the anti-HBV effect of TCKP1 was achieved by potentiating immunocyte function and regulating the balance of Th1\/Th2 cytokines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md19040195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]],"date-time":"2021-03-30T09:57:04Z","timestamp":1617098224000},"page":"195","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Anti-HBV Activities of Polysaccharides from Thais clavigera (K\u00fcster) by In Vitro and In Vivo Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Fei","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China"},{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine and Gene Drugs, Xiamen 361021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guanghua","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China"},{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine and Gene Drugs, Xiamen 361021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China"},{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine and Gene Drugs, Xiamen 361021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruian","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China"},{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine and Gene Drugs, Xiamen 361021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5759-766X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiuling","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China"},{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine and Gene Drugs, Xiamen 361021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30119-0","article-title":"A global scientific strategy to cure hepatitis B","volume":"4","author":"Revill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. 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