{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T22:58:26Z","timestamp":1773961106835,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,11]],"date-time":"2021-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003566","name":"Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Marine Biotechnology Program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Marine Biotechnology Program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003566","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Gachon University research fund of 2020","award":["GCU-202002360001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GCU-202002360001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Menopause, caused by decreases in estrogen production, results in symptoms such as facial flushing, vaginal atrophy, and osteoporosis. Although hormone replacement therapy is utilized to treat menopausal symptoms, it is associated with a risk of breast cancer development. We aimed to evaluate the estrogenic activities of Spartina anglica (SA) and its compounds and identify potential candidates for the treatment of estrogen reduction without the risk of breast cancer. We evaluated the estrogenic and anti-proliferative effects of extracts of SA and its compounds in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. We performed an uterotrophic assay using an immature female rat model. Among extracts of SA, belowground part (SA-bg-E50) had potent estrogenic activity. In the immature female rat model, the administration of SA-bg-E50 increased uterine weight compared with that in the normal group. Among the compounds isolated from SA, 1,3-di-O-trans-feruloyl-(-)-quinic acid (1) had significant estrogenic activity and induced phosphorylation at serine residues of estrogen receptor (ER)\u03b1. All extracts and compounds from SA did not increase MCF-7 cell proliferation. Compound 1 is expected to act as an ER\u03b1 ligand and have estrogenic effects, without side effects, such as breast cancer development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md19040210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T03:04:06Z","timestamp":1618196646000},"page":"210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Estrogenic Effects of Extracts and Isolated Compounds from Belowground and Aerial Parts of Spartina anglica"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4187-2177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sullim","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, College of Bio-Nano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geum Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea"},{"name":"Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyukbean","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5502-0736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joo-Won","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3012-1028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji Yun","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang Hee","family":"Shim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7707-4767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyukjae","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea"},{"name":"Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ki Sung","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201601128R","article-title":"Estrogen receptor \u03b1 is required for oviductal transport of embryos","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sever, D.M., and Staub, N.L. 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