{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T09:12:29Z","timestamp":1792141949508,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-edible parts of crustaceans could be a rich source of valuable bioactive compounds such as the carotenoid astaxanthin and peptides, which have well-recognized beneficial effects. These compounds are widely used in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals, and their market is rapidly growing, suggesting the need to find alternative sources. The aim of this work was to set up a pilot-scale protocol for the reutilization of by-products of processed shrimp, in order to address the utilization of this valuable biomass for nutraceutical and pharmaceuticals application, through the extraction of astaxanthin-enriched oil and antioxidant-rich protein hydrolysates. Astaxanthin (AST) was obtained using \u201cgreen extraction methods,\u201d such as using fish oil and different fatty acid ethyl esters as solvents and through supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), whereas bioactive peptides were obtained by protease hydrolysis. Both astaxanthin and bioactive peptides exhibited bioactive properties in vitro in cellular model systems, such as antioxidant and angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities (IA). The results show higher astaxanthin yields in ethyl esters fatty acids (TFA) extraction and significant enrichment by short-path distillation (SPD) up to 114.80 \u00b1 1.23 \u00b5g\/mL. Peptide fractions of &lt;3 kDa and 3\u20135 kDa exhibited greater antioxidant activity while the fraction 5\u201310 kDa exhibited a better ACE-IA. Lower-molecular-weight bioactive peptides and astaxanthin extracted using supercritical fluids showed protective effects against oxidative damage in 142BR and in 3T3 cell lines. These results suggest that \u201cgreen\u201d extraction methods allow us to obtain high-quality bioactive compounds from large volumes of shrimp waste for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md19040216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T10:58:07Z","timestamp":1618311487000},"page":"216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["In Vitro Bioactivity of Astaxanthin and Peptides from Hydrolisates of Shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) By-Products: From the Extraction Process to Biological Effect Evaluation, as Pilot Actions for the Strategy \u201cFrom Waste to Profit\u201d"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3190-9420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Concetta Maria","family":"Messina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze della terra e del Mare DiSTeM, Laboratorio di Biochimica Marina ed Ecotossicologia, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Palermo, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9542-2833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Manuguerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze della terra e del Mare DiSTeM, Laboratorio di Biochimica Marina ed Ecotossicologia, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Palermo, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1192-6285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosaria","family":"Arena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze della terra e del Mare DiSTeM, Laboratorio di Biochimica Marina ed Ecotossicologia, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Palermo, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Renda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze della terra e del Mare DiSTeM, Laboratorio di Biochimica Marina ed Ecotossicologia, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Palermo, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2460-6993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanna","family":"Ficano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze della terra e del Mare DiSTeM, Laboratorio di Biochimica Marina ed Ecotossicologia, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Palermo, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariano","family":"Randazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Biologia Marina, Consorzio Universitario della Provincia di Trapani, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9584-7145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Fricano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Science Economiche, Aziendali e Statistiche, DSEAS, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 13, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saloua","family":"Sadok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Blue Biotechnology &amp; Aquatic Bioproducts (B3Aqua), Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), Annexe La Goulette Port de P\u00eache, La Goulette 2060, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8089-5470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Santulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze della terra e del Mare DiSTeM, Laboratorio di Biochimica Marina ed Ecotossicologia, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Palermo, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto di Biologia Marina, Consorzio Universitario della Provincia di Trapani, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caruso, G., Floris, R., Serangeli, C., and Di Paola, L. (2020). Fishery Wastes as a Yet Undiscovered Treasure from the Sea: Biomolecules Sources, Extraction Methods and Valorization. Mar. Drugs, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/md18120622"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ucak, I., Afreen, M., Montesano, D., Carrillo, C., Tomasevic, I., Simal-Gandara, J., and Barba, F.J. (2021). Functional and Bioactive Properties of Peptides Derived from Marine Side Streams. Mar. 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