{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:01:58Z","timestamp":1790683318152,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,13]],"date-time":"2021-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fish discards and by-products can be transformed into high value-added products such as fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) containing bioactive peptides. Protein hydrolysates were prepared from different parts (whole fish, skin and head) of several discarded species of the North-West Spain fishing fleet using Alcalase. All hydrolysates had moisture and ash contents lower than 10% and 15%, respectively. The fat content of FPH varied between 1.5% and 9.4% and had high protein content (69.8\u201376.6%). The amino acids profiles of FPH are quite similar and the most abundant amino acids were glutamic and aspartic acids. All FPH exhibited antioxidant activity and those obtained from Atlantic horse mackerel heads presented the highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, reducing power and Cu2+ chelating activity. On the other hand, hydrolysates from gurnard heads showed the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity and Fe2+ chelating activity. In what concerns the \u03b1-amylase inhibitory activity, the IC50 values recorded for FPH ranged between 5.70 and 84.37 mg\/mL for blue whiting heads and whole Atlantic horse mackerel, respectively. \u03b1-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of FPH was relatively low but all FPH had high Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. Considering the biological activities, these FPH are potential natural additives for functional foods or nutraceuticals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md19060338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T22:25:46Z","timestamp":1623709546000},"page":"338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Characterization of Protein Hydrolysates from Fish Discards and By-Products from the North-West Spain Fishing Fleet as Potential Sources of Bioactive Peptides"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Andreia","family":"Henriques","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading and Biospropecting (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalh\u00e3es Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1122-4726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Recycling and Valorization of Waste Materials (REVAL), Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), R\/Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7336-4049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesus","family":"Valcarcel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Recycling and Valorization of Waste Materials (REVAL), Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), R\/Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4272-865X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rog\u00e9rio","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading and Biospropecting (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalh\u00e3es Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narcisa M.","family":"Bandarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading and Biospropecting (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalh\u00e3es Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3772-2050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading and Biospropecting (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalh\u00e3es Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAO (2018). 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