{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T13:09:26Z","timestamp":1770815366008,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]],"date-time":"2021-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013072","name":"Major Science and Technology Project of Hainan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZDKJ2016002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDKJ2016002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81872794 and 41966003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81872794 and 41966003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), a member of pentameric ligand-gated ion channel transmembrane protein composed of five subunits, is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous system. The nAChRs are associated with various neurological diseases, including schizophrenia, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2019s disease, epilepsy and neuralgia. Receptors containing the \u03b13 subunit are associated with analgesia, generating our interest in their role in pharmacological studies. In this study, \u03b1-conotoxin (\u03b1-CTx) LvIF was identified as a 16 amino acid peptide using a genomic DNA clone of Conus lividus (C. lividus). The mature LvIF with natural structure was synthesized by a two-step oxidation method. The blocking potency of \u03b1-CTx lvIF on nAChR was detected by a two-electrode voltage clamp. Our results showed that \u03b1-CTx LvIF was highly potent against r\u03b13\u03b22 and r\u03b16\/\u03b13\u03b22\u03b23 nAChR subtypes, The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of \u03b1-CTx LvIF against r\u03b13\u03b22 and r\u03b16\/\u03b13\u03b22\u03b23 nAChRs expressed in Xenopus oocytes were 8.9 nM and 14.4 nM, respectively. Furthermore, \u03b1-CTx LvIF exhibited no obvious inhibition on other nAChR subtypes. Meanwhile, we also conducted a competitive binding experiment between \u03b1-CTxs MII and LvIF, which showed that \u03b1-CTxs LvIF and MII bind with r\u03b13\u03b22 nAChR at the partial overlapping domain. These results indicate that the \u03b1-CTx LvIF has high potential as a new candidate tool for the studying of r\u03b13\u03b22 nAChR related neurophysiology and pharmacology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md19070398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,18]],"date-time":"2021-07-18T21:16:48Z","timestamp":1626643008000},"page":"398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Characterization of an \u03b1 4\/7-Conotoxin LvIF from Conus lividus That Selectively Blocks \u03b13\u03b22 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Man","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs of Haikou, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4936-8637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinpeng","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8830-4954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaopeng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongting","family":"Zhangsun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs of Haikou, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"},{"name":"Medical School, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9358-5970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sulan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs of Haikou, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"},{"name":"Medical School, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2012.08.012","article-title":"Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: From basic science to therapeutics","volume":"137","author":"Hurst","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol. 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