{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T04:40:07Z","timestamp":1788583207085,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]],"date-time":"2021-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010218","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Philippines","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PCHRD Tuklas Lunas Development Center Program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCHRD Tuklas Lunas Development Center Program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010218","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Marine sediments host diverse actinomycetes that serve as a source of new natural products to combat infectious diseases and cancer. Here, we report the biodiversity, bioactivities against ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) and ovarian cancer, and metabolites variation among culturable actinomycetes isolated from the marine sediments of Visayan Sea, Philippines. We identified 15 Streptomyces species based on a 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The crude extracts of 10 Streptomyces species have inhibited the growth of ESKAPE pathogens with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.312 mg\/mL to 20 mg\/mL depending on the strain and pathogens targeted. Additionally, ten crude extracts have antiproliferative activity against A2780 human ovarian carcinoma at 2 mg\/mL. To highlight, we observed that four phylogenetically identical Streptomyces albogriseolus strains demonstrated variation in antibiotic and anticancer activities. These strains harbored type I and II polyketide synthase (PKS) and non-ribosomal synthetase (NRPS) genes in their genomes, implying that their bioactivity is independent of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-detected bio-synthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in this study. Metabolite profiling revealed that the taxonomically identical strains produced core and strain-specific metabolites. Thus, the chemical diversity among these strains influences the variation observed in their biological activities. This study expanded our knowledge on the potential of marine-derived Streptomyces residing from the unexplored regions of the Visayan Sea as a source of small molecules against ESKAPE pathogens and cancer. It also highlights that Streptomyces species strains produce unique strain-specific secondary metabolites; thus, offering new chemical space for natural product discovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md19080441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T21:51:07Z","timestamp":1627854667000},"page":"441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Insights into the Variation in Bioactivities of Closely Related Streptomyces Strains from Marine Sediments of the Visayan Sea against ESKAPE and Ovarian Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1260-1589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edna M.","family":"Sabido","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Natural Drug Discovery and Development (CND3), University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9704-3319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuckcris P.","family":"Tenebro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Chemical Biology and Biotechnology (C2B2), University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6801-9598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dana Joanne Von L.","family":"Trono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Chemical Biology and Biotechnology (C2B2), University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5152-4136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmela Vannette B.","family":"Vicera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Chemical Biology and Biotechnology (C2B2), University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheeny Fane L.","family":"Leonida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Natural Drug Discovery and Development (CND3), University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7245-4165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Jeffrey Wayne B.","family":"Maybay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Natural Drug Discovery and Development (CND3), University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6370-6156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rikka","family":"Reyes-Salarda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Chemical Biology and Biotechnology (C2B2), University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines"},{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts, Sciences, and Education, University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4231-3382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana S.","family":"Amago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Natural Drug Discovery and Development (CND3), University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9557-6939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelica Marie V.","family":"Aguadera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Natural Drug Discovery and Development (CND3), University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"May C.","family":"Octaviano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Natural Drug Discovery and Development (CND3), University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9536-5982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonel P.","family":"Saludes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Natural Drug Discovery and Development (CND3), University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts, Sciences, and Education, University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines"},{"name":"Tuklas Lunas Development Center, University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines"},{"name":"Balik Scientist Program, Department of Science and Technology, Philippine Council for Health Research and Development (PCHRD), Bicutan, Taguig City 1631, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2850-7797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doralyn S.","family":"Dalisay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Chemical Biology and Biotechnology (C2B2), University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines"},{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts, Sciences, and Education, University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines"},{"name":"Tuklas Lunas Development Center, University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines"},{"name":"Balik Scientist Program, Department of Science and Technology, Philippine Council for Health Research and Development (PCHRD), Bicutan, Taguig City 1631, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4572","article-title":"ESKAPEing the labyrinth of antibacterial discovery","volume":"14","author":"Tommasi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. 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