{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T12:51:47Z","timestamp":1780059107789,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]],"date-time":"2021-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bando contributo alla ricerca, Anno 2021","award":["Progetto 771 \"CiaAQ\""],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Progetto 771 \"CiaAQ\""]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Porifera, commonly referred to as marine sponges, are acknowledged as major producers of marine natural products (MNPs). Sponges of the genus Phorbas have attracted much attention over the years. They are widespread in all continents, and several structurally unique compounds have been identified from this species. Terpenes, mainly sesterterpenoids, are the major secondary metabolites isolated from Phorbas species, even though several alkaloids and steroids have also been reported. Many of these compounds have presented interesting biological activities. Particularly, Phorbas sponges have been demonstrated to be a source of cytotoxic metabolites. In addition, MNPs exhibiting cytostatic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities have been isolated and structurally characterized. This review provides an overview of almost 130 secondary metabolites from Phorbas sponges and their biological activities, and it covers the literature since the first study published in 1993 until November 2021, including approximately 60 records. The synthetic routes to the most interesting compounds are briefly outlined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md19120667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T01:43:22Z","timestamp":1638323002000},"page":"667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Exploring Chemical Diversity of Phorbas Sponges as a Source of Novel Lead Compounds in Drug Discovery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5395-2457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessia","family":"Caso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda Barbosa","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Qu\u00edmica de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9619-7511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Germana","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0817-7743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Teta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8957-3259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerardo Della","family":"Sala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80125 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura P. A. Nunes","family":"Cavalcanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Qu\u00edmica de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra Leda","family":"Valverde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e2nica, Instituto de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Batista s\/n, Niter\u00f3i, Rio de Janeiro 24020-141, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2325-7912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto Carlos C.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Qu\u00edmica de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8723-9505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Costantino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2871","DOI":"10.1002\/ejoc.201600370","article-title":"Chlorinated Thiazole-Containing Polyketide-Peptides from the Caribbean Sponge Smenospongia conulosa: Structure elucidation on microgram scale","volume":"2016","author":"Esposito","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Org. 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