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Previous reports of related imidazolium-containing natural products are rare. Initially unveiled by timsTOF (trapped ion mobility spectrometry) MS data, extensive HRMS and 1D and 2D NMR analyses enabled the structural elucidation of 1\u20136. In addition, a plausible biosynthetic pathway to bacillimidazoles is proposed based on isotopic labeling experiments and invokes the highly reactive glycolytic adduct 2,3-butanedione. Combined, the results of structure elucidation efforts, isotopic labeling studies and bioinformatics suggest that 1\u20136 result from a fascinating intersection of primary and secondary metabolic pathways in Bacillus sp. WMMC1349. Antimicrobial assays revealed that, of 1\u20136, only compound six displayed discernible antibacterial activity, despite the close structural similarities shared by all six natural products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md20010043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T01:14:02Z","timestamp":1641518042000},"page":"43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Bacillimidazoles A\u2212F, Imidazolium-Containing Compounds Isolated from a Marine Bacillus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Jia-Xuan","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9677-9017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qihao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric J. 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