{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:08:15Z","timestamp":1791216495698,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Project","award":["2019YFD0902005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFD0902005"]}]},{"name":"Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province","award":["2020B1111030004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1111030004"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Zhanjiang City","award":["2019A01015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019A01015"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Program of Shenzhen City, China","award":["JCYJ20170818111335796"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20170818111335796"]}]},{"name":"Innovative Team Program of High Education of Guangdong Province","award":["2021KCXTD021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021KCXTD021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Clam heparinoid G2 (60.25 kDa) and its depolymerized derivatives DG1 (24.48 kDa) and DG2 (6.75 kDa) prepared from Coelomactra antiquata have been documented to have excellent fibrinolytic and anticoagulant activity. In this study, to further explore the antithrombotic activity of G2, DG1 and DG2, azure A, sheep plasma, and clot lytic rate assays were used to determine their anticoagulant and thrombolytic activity in vitro. The results indicated that the anticoagulant titer of G2 was approximately 70% that of heparin and the thrombolytic activity of DG2 was greater than G2, DG1, and heparin activities. Moreover, in a carrageenan-induced venous thrombosis model, oral administration of G2 and DG1 each at 20 mg\/kg and 40 mg\/kg for 7 days significantly reduced blacktail thrombus formation, increased tissue-type plasminogen activator, fibrin degradation products, and D-dimer levels, decreased von Willebrand factor and thromboxane B2 levels, and restored phylum and genus abundance changes of intestinal bacteria. DG2 had no antithrombotic effect. At 20 mg\/kg, G2, DG1, and heparin had comparable antithrombotic activities, and DG1 at 40 mg\/kg had more muscular antithrombotic activity than G2. Thus, DG1 could be an antithrombotic oral agent owing to its more robust antithrombotic activity and lower molecular weight.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md20010050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T01:14:02Z","timestamp":1641518042000},"page":"50","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Antithrombotic Activity of Heparinoid G2 and Its Derivatives from the Clam Coelomactra antiquata"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Guanlan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, School of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, School of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, School of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongying","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, School of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajia","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, School of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingxiong","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, School of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saiyi","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, School of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuejing","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, School of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2021.04.023","article-title":"Mechanisms of thrombosis and research progress on 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