{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:38:29Z","timestamp":1791243509393,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]],"date-time":"2022-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82073764"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82073764"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ten-thousand Talents Plan of Zhejiang Province","award":["2019R52026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R52026"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Zhoushan of China","award":["2019C21015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019C21015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To prepare bioactive peptides with high angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory (ACEi) activity, Alcalase was selected from five kinds of protease for hydrolyzing Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) muscle, and its best hydrolysis conditions were optimized using single factor and response surface experiments. Then, the high ACEi protein hydrolysate (TMPH) of skipjack tuna muscle was prepared using Alcalase under the optimum conditions of enzyme dose 2.3%, enzymolysis temperature 56.2 \u00b0C, and pH 9.4, and its ACEi activity reached 72.71% at 1.0 mg\/mL. Subsequently, six novel ACEi peptides were prepared from TMPH using ultrafiltration and chromatography methods and were identified as Ser-Pro (SP), Val-Asp-Arg-Tyr-Phe (VDRYF), Val-His-Gly-Val-Val (VHGVV), Tyr-Glu (YE), Phe-Glu-Met (FEM), and Phe-Trp-Arg-Val (FWRV), with molecular weights of 202.3, 698.9, 509.7, 310.4, 425.6, and 606.8 Da, respectively. SP and VDRYF displayed noticeable ACEi activity, with IC50 values of 0.06 \u00b1 0.01 and 0.28 \u00b1 0.03 mg\/mL, respectively. Molecular docking analysis illustrated that the high ACEi activity of SP and VDRYF was attributed to effective interaction with the active sites\/pockets of ACE by hydrogen bonding, electrostatic force, and hydrophobic interaction. Furthermore, SP and VDRYF could significantly up-regulate nitric oxide (NO) production and down-regulate endothelin-1 (ET-1) secretion in HUVECs after 24 h treatment, but also abolish the negative effect of 0.5 \u03bcM norepinephrine (NE) on the generation of NO and ET-1. Therefore, ACEi peptides derived from skipjack tuna (K. pelamis) muscle, especially SP and VDRYF, are beneficial components for functional food against hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md20030176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]],"date-time":"2022-02-27T20:47:17Z","timestamp":1645994837000},"page":"176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Preparation, Identification, Molecular Docking Study and Protective Function on HUVECs of Novel ACE Inhibitory Peptides from Protein Hydrolysate of Skipjack Tuna Muscle"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Shuo-Lei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian-Bin","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi-Kun","family":"Suo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Qin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0922-8602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang-Feng","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2712-9045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"021","article-title":"Association of morning hypertension with chronic kidney disease progression and cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease and hypertension","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr. 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