{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T19:16:12Z","timestamp":1788981372511,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Fund","award":["DH19\/6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DH19\/6"]}]},{"name":"National Science Fund","award":["PMC 353\/10.12.2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PMC 353\/10.12.2020"]}]},{"name":"National Science Program Young Scientists and Postdoctoral Researchers","award":["DH19\/6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DH19\/6"]}]},{"name":"National Science Program Young Scientists and Postdoctoral Researchers","award":["PMC 353\/10.12.2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PMC 353\/10.12.2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Finding new effective compounds of natural origin for composing anti-tumor vaccines is one of the main goals of antitumor research. Promising anti-cancer agents are the gastropodan hemocyanins\u2013multimeric copper-containing glycoproteins used so far for therapy of different tumors. The properties of hemocyanins isolated from the marine snail Rapana thomasiana (RtH) and the terrestrial snail Helix aspersa (HaH) upon their use as carrier-proteins in conjugated vaccines, containing ganglioside mimotope GD3P4 peptide, were studied in the developed murine melanoma model. Murine melanoma cell line B16F10 was used for solid tumor establishment in C57BL\/6 mice using various schemes of therapy. Protein engineering, flow cytometry, and cytotoxicity assays were also performed. The administration of the protein-engineered vaccines RtH-GD3P4 or HaH-GD3P4 under the three different regimens of therapy in the B16F10 murine melanoma model suppressed tumor growth, decreased tumor incidence, and prolonged the survival of treated animals. The immunization of experimental mice induced an infiltration of immunocompetent cells into the tumors and generated cytotoxic tumor-specific T cells in the spleen. The treatment also generates significantly higher levels of tumor-infiltrated M1 macrophages, compared to untreated tumor-bearing control mice. This study demonstrated a promising approach for cancer therapy having potential applications for cancer vaccine research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md20060392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T03:00:17Z","timestamp":1655175617000},"page":"392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Antitumor Properties of Epitope-Specific Engineered Vaccine in Murine Model of Melanoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Emiliya","family":"Stoyanova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8582-9296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolina","family":"Mihaylova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikola","family":"Ralchev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petya","family":"Ganova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silviya","family":"Bradyanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iliyan","family":"Manoylov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuliana","family":"Raynova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5523-7043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krassimira","family":"Idakieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrey","family":"Tchorbanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05661","article-title":"Melanoma biology and new targeted therapy","volume":"445","author":"Wellbrock","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bellenghi, M., Puglisi, R., Pontecorvi, G., De Feo, A., Car\u00e8, A., and Mattia, G. 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