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Polysaccharides from algae possess high potential as promising candidates for marine drug development. In this study, a sulfated polysaccharide, UCP, from the green alga Ulva conglobata Kjellman was obtained by water extraction, anion-exchange, and size-exclusion chromatography purification, and its structure was characterized by a combination of chemical and spectroscopic methods. UCP mainly consisted of \u21924)-\u03b1\/\u03b2-l-Rhap-(1\u2192, \u21924)-\u03b2-d-Xylp-(1\u2192 and \u21924)-\u03b2-d-GlcAp-(1\u2192 residues. Sulfate ester groups were substituted mainly at C-3 of \u21924)-l-Rhap-(1\u2192 and C-2 of \u21924)-\u03b2-d-Xylp-(1\u2192. Partial glycosylation was at C-2 of \u21924)-\u03b1-l-Rhap-(1\u2192 residues. UCP possessed a potent immunomodulatory effect in vitro, evaluated by the assays of lymphocyte proliferation and macrophage phagocytosis. The immunomodulatory activity of UCP in vivo was further investigated using immunosuppressive mice induced by cyclophosphamide. The results showed that UCP markedly increased the spleen and thymus indexes and ameliorated the cyclophosphamide-induced damage to the spleen and thymus. UCP could increase the levels of white blood cells, lymphocytes, and platelets, and improve the hematopoietic inhibition caused by cyclophosphamide. Moreover, UCP significantly promoted the secretions of the immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgE, and IgM. The data demonstrated that UCP is a novel sulfated polysaccharide and may be a promising immunomodulatory agent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md20070447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,10]],"date-time":"2022-07-10T22:48:00Z","timestamp":1657493280000},"page":"447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Immunomodulatory Activity In Vitro and In Vivo of a Sulfated Polysaccharide with Novel Structure from the Green Alga Ulvaconglobata Kjellman"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Sujian","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuling","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjun","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-408062-1.00009-3","article-title":"Polysaccharides from Codium species","volume":"Volume 71","author":"Arata","year":"2014","journal-title":"Advances in Botanical Research"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-3848(91)90114-C","article-title":"Anticoagulant properties of a fucoidan fraction","volume":"64","author":"Fischer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Thromb. 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