{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:54:48Z","timestamp":1791921288509,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of Chin","award":["No. 82160675\/81973229"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 82160675\/81973229"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of Chin","award":["ZDKJ202008\/ZDKJ202018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDKJ202008\/ZDKJ202018"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of Chin","award":["ZDYF2021SHFZ108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2021SHFZ108"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of Chin","award":["LMM2021-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LMM2021-4"]}]},{"name":"Key Science and Technology Project of Hainan Province","award":["No. 82160675\/81973229"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 82160675\/81973229"]}]},{"name":"Key Science and Technology Project of Hainan Province","award":["ZDKJ202008\/ZDKJ202018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDKJ202008\/ZDKJ202018"]}]},{"name":"Key Science and Technology Project of Hainan Province","award":["ZDYF2021SHFZ108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2021SHFZ108"]}]},{"name":"Key Science and Technology Project of Hainan Province","award":["LMM2021-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LMM2021-4"]}]},{"name":"Key Research Program of Hainan Province","award":["No. 82160675\/81973229"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 82160675\/81973229"]}]},{"name":"Key Research Program of Hainan Province","award":["ZDKJ202008\/ZDKJ202018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDKJ202008\/ZDKJ202018"]}]},{"name":"Key Research Program of Hainan Province","award":["ZDYF2021SHFZ108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2021SHFZ108"]}]},{"name":"Key Research Program of Hainan Province","award":["LMM2021-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LMM2021-4"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica Open Fund","award":["No. 82160675\/81973229"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 82160675\/81973229"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica Open Fund","award":["ZDKJ202008\/ZDKJ202018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDKJ202008\/ZDKJ202018"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica Open Fund","award":["ZDYF2021SHFZ108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2021SHFZ108"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica Open Fund","award":["LMM2021-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LMM2021-4"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Three new cytochalasins, phomoparagins A-C (1\u20133), along with five known analogs (4\u20138), were isolated from Phomopsis asparagi DHS-48, a mangrove-derived endophytic fungus. Their structures, including their absolute configurations, were elucidated using a combination of detailed HRESIMS, NMR, and ECD techniques. Notably, 1 possessed an unprecedented 5\/6\/5\/8\/5-fused pentacyclic skeleton. These compounds were tested for their inhibitory activity against concanavalin A (ConA)\/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced spleen lymphocyte proliferation and calcineurin (CN) enzyme. Several metabolites (2 and 4\u20136) exhibited fascinating inhibitory activities with a relatively low toxicity. Furthermore, 2 was demonstrated to inhibit ConA-stimulated activation of NFAT1 dephosphorylation and block NFAT1 translocation in vitro, subsequently inhibiting the transcription of interleukin-2 (IL-2). Our results provide evidence that 2 may, at least partially, suppress the activation of spleen lymphocytes via the CN\/NFAT signaling pathway, highlighting that it could serve as an effective immunosuppressant that is noncytotoxic and natural.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md20080526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T23:28:41Z","timestamp":1660865321000},"page":"526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Immunosuppressive Cytochalasins from the Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Phomopsis asparagi DHS-48"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Zhao","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuexia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingwan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengwen","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongdong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenchang","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2016.01.059","article-title":"Current methods of the analysis of immunosuppressive agents in clinical materials: A review","volume":"127","author":"Mika","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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