{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T03:29:32Z","timestamp":1788838172621,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alginate is a natural marine biopolymer that has been widely used in biomedical applications, but research on its use as an endodontic material is still sparse in the literature. This pioneer review aims to summarize the emerging roles of alginate and to outline its prospective applications as a core biomaterial in endodontics. Ten electronic databases and five textbooks were used to perform a search of English-language literature on the use of alginate in endodontics published between January 1980 and June 2022. The risk of bias (RoB) of each included study was assessed using the Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) tool. Subsequently, studies were categorized into three tiers to represent the overall risk. Qualitative analysis was performed, and the articles were sorted into different thematic categories. An initial search yielded a total of 1491 articles, but only 13 articles were chosen. For most domains, all the studies were rated with \u2018probably low\u2019 or \u2018definitely low\u2019 RoB, except for domains 2 and 6. All included studies fall in the Tier 1 category and were either in vitro, in vivo, or ex vivo. Four thematic categories were identified: endodontic regeneration, intracanal medicament, filing material, and chelating agent. Based on the available evidence, alginate has emerged as a cell carrier and scaffold in regenerative endodontics, a microcapsule delivery system for intracanal medicaments, a chelating agent reinforcing material, and a root canal sealer. More well-designed experiments and clinical trials are needed to warrant the promising advent of this hydrogel-based biomaterial.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md20080539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T21:30:34Z","timestamp":1661203834000},"page":"539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["An Insight into the Role of Marine Biopolymer Alginate in Endodontics: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3996-5470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Galvin Sim Siang","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST) University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia"},{"name":"Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia Yee","family":"Cher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST) University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong Hong","family":"Goh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST) University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daryl Zhun Kit","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST) University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0313-9695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohmed Isaqali","family":"Karobari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Multidisciplinary Research (CFTR), Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India"},{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 12211, Cambodia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josephine Chang Hui","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4661-7458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tahir Yusuf","family":"Noorani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"A brief review: Biomaterials and their applications","volume":"2","author":"Tathe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. 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