{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:20:09Z","timestamp":1787505609358,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Interreg Atlantic Area European Regional development","award":["EnhanceMicroalgae EAPA_338\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EnhanceMicroalgae EAPA_338\/2016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Melanoma cells are highly invasive and metastatic tumor cells and commonly express molecular alterations that contribute to multidrug resistance (e.g., BRAFV600E mutation). Conventional treatment is not effective in a long term, requiring an exhaustive search for new alternatives. Recently, carotenoids from microalgae have been investigated as adjuvant in antimelanoma therapy due to their safety and acceptable clinical tolerability. Many of them are currently used as food supplements. In this review, we have compiled several studies that show microalgal carotenoids inhibit cell proliferation, cell migration and invasion, as well as induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in various melanoma cell lines. MAPK and NF-\u0138B pathway, MMP and apoptotic factors are frequently affected after exposure to microalgal carotenoids. Fucoxanthin, astaxanthin and zeaxanthin are the main carotenoids investigated, in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Preclinical data indicate these compounds exhibit direct antimelanoma effect but are also capable of restoring melanoma cells sensitivity to conventional chemotherapy (e.g., vemurafenib and dacarbazine).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md20100618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T23:09:29Z","timestamp":1664492969000},"page":"618","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Carotenoids from Marine Microalgae as Antimelanoma Agents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Christiane Adrielly Alves","family":"Ferraz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 8038 CiTCoM, Facult\u00e9 de Sant\u00e9, UFR Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, 75006 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rapha\u00ebl","family":"Grougnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 8038 CiTCoM, Facult\u00e9 de Sant\u00e9, UFR Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, 75006 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elodie","family":"Nicolau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire PHYTOX\/GENALG, IFREMER, 44311 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4656-3557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurent","family":"Picot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, La Rochelle Universit\u00e9, 17042 La Rochelle, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9458-1744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raimundo Gon\u00e7alves","family":"de Oliveira Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 8038 CiTCoM, Facult\u00e9 de Sant\u00e9, UFR Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, 75006 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2018\/e482s","article-title":"Marine Drugs for Cancer: Surfacing Biotechnological Innovations from the Oceans","volume":"73","author":"Jimenez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dyshlovoy, S.A., and Honecker, F. 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