{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:26:12Z","timestamp":1789579572245,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Directorate General of Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology, Indonesia","award":["020\/E5\/PG.02.00PT\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["020\/E5\/PG.02.00PT\/2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tuberculosis has become a major health problem globally. This is worsened by the emergence of resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis showing ability to evade the effectiveness of the current antimycobacterial therapies. Therefore, the efforts carried out to explore new entities from many sources, including marine, are critical. This review summarizes several marine-derived macrolides that show promising activity against M. tuberculosis. We also provide information regarding the biosynthetic processes of marine macrolides, including the challenges that are usually experienced in this process. As most of the studies reporting the antimycobacterial activities of the listed marine macrolides are based on in vitro studies, the future direction should consider expanding the trials to in vivo and clinical trials. In addition, in silico studies should also be explored for a quick screening on marine macrolides with potent activities against mycobacterial infection. To sum up, macrolides derived from marine organisms might become therapeutical options for tackling antimycobacterial resistance of M. tuberculosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md20110691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T08:15:12Z","timestamp":1667376912000},"page":"691","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Marine Macrolides to Tackle Antimicrobial Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7813-2164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sukamto S.","family":"Mamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0989-4023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Firzan","family":"Nainu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayu","family":"Masyita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia"},{"name":"Research Center for Vaccine and Drugs, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan 15318, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4923-2948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andri","family":"Frediansyah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Yogyakarta 55861, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rifka Nurul","family":"Utami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia"},{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King\u2019s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirnawati","family":"Salampe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Makassar, Makassar 90242, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3188-2272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Talha Bin","family":"Emran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3150-9139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara Mariana Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8867-7603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hitesh","family":"Chopra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9215-9737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesus","family":"Simal-Gandara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2021). 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