{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T17:48:01Z","timestamp":1788457681804,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32072145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32072145"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The sulfated echinoside A (EA) and holothurin A (HA) are two prominent saponins in sea cucumber with high hemolytic activity but also superior lipid-lowering activity. Deglycosylated derivatives EA2 and HA2 exhibit low hemolysis compared to EA and HA, but their efficacies on lipid metabolism regulation remains unknown. In this study, fatty acids-treated HepG2 cells and orotic acid-treated rats were used to investigate the lipid-lowering effects of sea cucumber saponin derivatives. Both the saponin and derivatives could effectively alleviate lipid accumulation in HepG2 model, especially EA and EA2. Moreover, though the lipid-lowering effect of EA2 was not equal with EA at the same dosage of 0.05% in diet, 0.15% dosage of EA2 significantly reduced hepatic steatosis rate, liver TC and TG contents by 76%, 41.5%, and 63.7%, respectively, compared to control and reversed liver histopathological features to normal degree according to H&amp;E stained sections. Possible mechanisms mainly included enhancement of fatty acids \u03b2-oxidation and cholesterol catabolism through bile acids synthesis and excretion, suppression of lipogenesis and cholesterol uptake. It revealed that the efficacy of EA2 on lipid metabolism regulation was dose-dependent, and 0.15% dosage of EA2 possessed better efficacy with lower toxicity compared to 0.05% dosage of EA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md20110703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T21:33:02Z","timestamp":1668115982000},"page":"703","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Sea Cucumber Saponins Derivatives Alleviate Hepatic Lipid Accumulation Effectively in Fatty Acids-Induced HepG2 Cells and Orotic Acid-Induced Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2838-2146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyue","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beibei","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingcai","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaojie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changhu","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5162-0408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiantian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27406","article-title":"The global burden of liver disease: The major impact of China","volume":"60","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.12.012","article-title":"NAFLD: A multisystem disease","volume":"62","author":"Byrne","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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