{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:55:03Z","timestamp":1787028903021,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical University\u2013Plovdiv","award":["02\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02\/2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of fucoidan isolated from C. crinita on histamine-induced paw inflammation in rats, and on the serum levels of TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and IL-10 in rats during systemic inflammation response. The levels of TNF-\u03b1 in a model of acute peritonitis in rats were also investigated. The isolated crude fucoidan was identified as a sulfated xylogalactofucan with high, medium, and low molecular weight fractions and a content of fucose of 39.74%, xylose of 20.75%, and galactose of 15.51%. Fucoidan from C. crinita showed better anti-inflammatory effects in the rat paw edema model, and this effect was present during all stages of the experiment. When compared to controls, a commercial fucoidan from F. vesiculosus, the results also displayed anti-inflammatory activity on the 60th, 90th, and 120th minute of the experiment. A significant decrease in serum levels of IL-1\u03b2 in rats treated with both doses of C. crinita fucoidan was observed in comparison to controls, whereas TNF-\u03b1 concentrations were reduced only in the group treated with fucoidan from C. crinita at the dose of 25 mg\/kg bw. In the model of carrageenan-induced peritonitis, we observed a tendency of decrease in the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-\u03b1 in peritoneal fluid after a single dose of C. crinita fucoidan, but this did not reach the statistical significance margin. Single doses of C. crinita fucoidan did not alter serum levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in animals with lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md20110714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T02:36:36Z","timestamp":1668566196000},"page":"714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Structural Characterization and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Fucoidan from Cystoseira crinita (Desf.) Borry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5167-3278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisaveta","family":"Apostolova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, Vasil Aprilov Str. 15A, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2864-4388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolina","family":"Lukova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, Vasil Aprilov Str. 15A, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9370-8205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Baldzhieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, Vasil Aprilov Str. 15A, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, Vasil Aprilov Str. 15A, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3605-1929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9dric","family":"Delattre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"},{"name":"Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4399-8838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roland","family":"Molini\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Avenue des Facult\u00e9s, IUT d\u2019Amiens, Universit\u00e9 de Picardie Jules Verne, Le Bailly, 80025 Amiens, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Petit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Avenue des Facult\u00e9s, IUT d\u2019Amiens, Universit\u00e9 de Picardie Jules Verne, Le Bailly, 80025 Amiens, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5772-8030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Redouan","family":"Elboutachfaiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Avenue des Facult\u00e9s, IUT d\u2019Amiens, Universit\u00e9 de Picardie Jules Verne, Le Bailly, 80025 Amiens, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6640-8226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Nikolova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Plovdiv University Paisii Hilendarski, Tsar Asen Str. 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilia","family":"Iliev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Plovdiv University Paisii Hilendarski, Tsar Asen Str. 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Murdjeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, Vasil Aprilov Str. 15A, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, Vasil Aprilov Str. 15A, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5578-7862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vesela","family":"Kokova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, Vasil Aprilov Str. 15A, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s13273-017-0045-2","article-title":"Fucoidan inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 macrophages and zebrafish larvae","volume":"13","author":"Jeong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0313153","article-title":"Cellular stress response and innate immune signaling: Integrating pathways in host defense and inflammation","volume":"94","author":"Muralidharan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2010.01.003","article-title":"A brief review of the basics of immunology: The innate and adaptive response","volume":"40","author":"Kennedy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.5625\/lar.2012.28.2.91","article-title":"Synergistic anti-inflammatory effects of Laminaria japonica fucoidan and Cistanche tubulosa extract","volume":"28","author":"Kyung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lab. Anim. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Xing, M., Cao, Q., Ji, A., Liang, H., and Song, S. (2019). Biological activities of fucoidan and the factors mediating its therapeutic effects: A review of recent studies. Mar. Drugs, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/md17030183"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8131","DOI":"10.1039\/C3RA23373A","article-title":"Fucoidans from brown seaweeds: An update on structures, extraction techniques and use of enzymes as tools for structural elucidation","volume":"3","author":"Ale","year":"2013","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9316751","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9316751","article-title":"Fucoidan ameliorates oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage, and hepatorenal injuries in diabetic rats intoxicated with aflatoxin B1","volume":"2020","author":"Aleissa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"81","article-title":"Effects of fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus in reducing symptoms of osteoarthritis: A randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"Myers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biologics"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2018.06.098","article-title":"Structural characterization and antioxidant activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from the Tunisian brown seaweed Cystoseira compressa","volume":"198","author":"Hentati","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bouissil, S., Alaoui-Talibi, Z.E., Pierre, G., Rchid, H., Michaud, P., Delattre, C., and El Modafar, C. (2020). Fucoidans of Moroccan brown seaweed as elicitors of natural defenses in palm roots. Mar. Drugs, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/md18120596"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-016-0928-y","article-title":"Production of guluronate oligosaccharide of alginate from brown algae Stypocaulon scoparium using an alginate lyase","volume":"29","author":"Boucelkha","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4104","DOI":"10.1021\/ac300176z","article-title":"Complete monosaccharide analysis by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection","volume":"84","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.007","article-title":"Polyphenolic-protein-polysaccharide ternary conjugates from Cystoseira barbata Tunisian seaweed as potential biopreservatives: Chemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties","volume":"105","author":"Wijesingh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-016-0378-1","article-title":"Effects of nutritional conditions on growth and biochemical composition of Tetraselmis sp","volume":"16","author":"Dammak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2012.10.002","article-title":"Water-soluble polysaccharides from the brown alga Eisenia bicyclis: Structurl characteristics and antitumor activity","volume":"2","author":"Ermakova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2014.02.041","article-title":"Fucans from a Tunisian brown seaweed Cystoseira barbata: Structural characteristics and antioxidant activity","volume":"66","author":"Sellimi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6215(99)00127-5","article-title":"Further data on the structure of brown seaweed fucans: Relationships with anticoagulant activity","volume":"319","author":"Chevolot","year":"1999","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6965","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.11.6965","article-title":"Sulfated polysaccharides from the egg jelly layer are species-specific inducers of acrosomal reaction in sperms of sea urchins","volume":"272","author":"Alves","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2010.08.067","article-title":"Characterization of extracellular polymeric substances produced by micro-algae Dunaliella salina","volume":"83","author":"Mishra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.2478\/auoc-2015-0009","article-title":"NMR detected metabolites in complex natural fluids. Quinic acid in apple juice","volume":"26","author":"Ailiesei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ovidius Univ. Ann. Chem."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.160","article-title":"Structure and hypoglycemic effect of a neutral polysaccharide isolated from sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus","volume":"216","author":"Gong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40199-015-0089-6","article-title":"Physico-chemical characterization and pharmacological evaluation of sulfated polysaccharides from three species of Mediterranean brown algae of the genus Cystoseira","volume":"23","author":"Lajili","year":"2015","journal-title":"DARU"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zayed, A., El-Aasr, M., Ibrahim, A.R.S., and Ulber, R. (2020). Fucoidan characterization: Determination of purity and physicochemical and chemical properties. Mar. Drugs, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/md18110571"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Apostolova, E., Lukova, P., Baldzhieva, A., Katsarov, P., Nikolova, M., Iliev, I., Peychev, L., Trica, B., Oancea, F., and Delattre, C. (2020). Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of fucoidan: A review. Polymers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12102338"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2012.06.016","article-title":"Novel procedures for the extraction of fucoidan from brown algae","volume":"47","author":"Hahn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Process Biochem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3000","DOI":"10.3390\/md11083000","article-title":"Fucoidans as potential inhibitors of HIV-1","volume":"11","author":"Prokofjeva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2018.01.002","article-title":"Potential of intensification techniques for the extraction and depolymerization of fucoidan","volume":"30","author":"Torres","year":"2018","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32033","DOI":"10.3402\/fnr.v60.32033","article-title":"Low-molecular-weight fucoidan and high-stability fucoxanthin from brown seaweed exert prebiotics and anti-inflammatory activities in Caco-2 cells","volume":"60","author":"Hwang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules13081671","article-title":"Fucoidan: Structure and bioactivity","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2013.12.009","article-title":"AKT signaling is involved in fucoidan-induced inhibition of growth and migration of human bladder cancer cells","volume":"64","author":"Cho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2012.07.075","article-title":"A sulfated polysaccharide, fucans, isolated from brown algae Sargassum vulgare with anticoagulant, antithrombotic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects","volume":"91","author":"Dore","year":"2013","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2011.12.029","article-title":"Biological activities and potential industrial applications of fucose rich sulfated polysaccharides and fucoidans isolated from brown seaweeds: A review","volume":"88","author":"Wijesinghe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.3140","article-title":"The differential effect of high and low molecular weight fucoidans on the severity of collagen-induced arthritis in mice","volume":"24","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcdf.2013.03.004","article-title":"Human skin fibroblast response is differentially regulated by galactofucan and low molecular weight galactofucan","volume":"1","author":"Rioux","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioact. Carbohydr. Diet. Fibre"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2017.11.1.3","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory activity of a sulfated polysaccharide isolated from an enzymatic digest of brown seaweed Sargassum horneri in RAW 264.7 cells","volume":"11","author":"Sanjeewa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00529.2007","article-title":"Acute exposure to a moderate strength staticmagnetic field reduces edema formation in rats","volume":"294","author":"Morris","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"261","article-title":"Effects of Rosmarinus officinalis oil on histamine-induced acute inflammation","volume":"71","author":"Apostolova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compt. Rend. Acad. Bulg. Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2017.09.051","article-title":"Fucoidan as bio-functional molecule: Insights into the anti-inflammatory potential and associated molecular mechanisms","volume":"38","author":"Phull","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2009.09.036","article-title":"In vitro antioxidant and in vivo anti-inflammatory potential of crude polysaccharide from Turbinaria ornata (Marine Brown Alga)","volume":"48","author":"Ananthi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.152","article-title":"Studies on isolation, characterization of fucoidan from brown algae Turbinaria decurrens and evaluation of it\u2019s in vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory activities","volume":"160","author":"Manikandan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Obluchinskaya, E.D., Pozharitskaya, O.N., Flisyuk, E.V., and Shikov, A.N. (2021). Formulation, optimization and in vivo evaluation of fucoidan-based cream with anti-inflammatory properties. Mar. Drugs, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/md19110643"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1139\/y11-093","article-title":"Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activities of organic fractions from the Mediterranean brown seaweed Cystoseira sedoides","volume":"89","author":"Mhadhebi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"207","article-title":"Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects of aqueous extracts of three mediterranean brown seaweeds of the genus cystoseira","volume":"13","author":"Mhadhebi","year":"2014","journal-title":"IJPR"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pozharitskaya, O.N., Obluchinskaya, E.D., and Shikov, A.N. (2020). Mechanisms of bioactivities of fucoidan from the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus L. of the Barents Sea. Mar. Drugs, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/md18050275"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Obluchinskaya, E.D., Pozharitskaya, O.N., and Shikov, A.N. (2022). In vitro anti-inflammatory activities offFucoidans from five species of brown seaweeds. Mar. Drugs, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/md20100606"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lean, Q.Y., Eri, R.D., Fitton, J.H., Patel, R.P., and Gueven, N. (2015). Fucoidan extracts ameliorate acute colitis. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128453"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2012.03.056","article-title":"Molecular characteristics and anti-inflammatory activity of the fucoidan extracted from Ecklonia cava","volume":"89","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.012","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of a fucose-rich fucoidan isolated from Saccharina japonica","volume":"156","author":"Ni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.031","article-title":"A fucoidan fraction purified from Chnoospora minima; a potential inhibitor of LPS-induced inflammatory responses","volume":"104","author":"Fernando","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, L., Yang, H.-W., Ahn, G., Fu, X., Xu, J., Gao, X., and Jeon, Y.-J. (2021). In Vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of sulfated polysaccharides isolated from the edible brown seaweed, Sargassum fulvellum. Mar. Drugs, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/md19050277"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.125","article-title":"The activation of NF-\u03baB and MAPKs signaling pathways of RAW264.7 murine macrophages and natural killer cells by fucoidan from Nizamuddinia zanardinii","volume":"148","author":"Tabarsa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2004.02462.x","article-title":"Fucoidan derived from Cladosiphon okamuranus Tokida ameliorates murine chronic colitis through the down-regulation of interleukin 6 production on colonic epithelial cells","volume":"136","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.118567","article-title":"Low molecular weight fucoidan attenuating pulmonary fibrosis by relieving inflammatory reaction and progression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition","volume":"273","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiosc.2021.06.005","article-title":"Effect of molecular mass and sulfate content of fucoidan from Sargassum siliquosum on antioxidant, anti-lipogenesis, and anti-inflammatory activity","volume":"132","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biosci. Bioeng."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.05.013","article-title":"L-Fucose ameliorates DSS-induced acute colitis via inhibiting macrophage M1 polarization and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-kB activation","volume":"73","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pozharitskaya, O.N., Shikov, A.N., Obluchinskaya, E.D., and Vuorela, H. (2019). The pharmacokinetics of fucoidan after topical application to rats. Mar. Drugs, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/md17120687"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shikov, A.N., Flisyuk, E.V., Obluchinskaya, E.D., and Pozharitskaya, O.N. (2020). Pharmacokinetics of marine-derived drugs. Mar. Drugs, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/md18110557"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwm014","article-title":"A comparative study of the anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antiangiogenic, and antiadhesive activities of nine different fucoidans from brown seaweeds","volume":"17","author":"Cumashi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zayed, A., Muffler, K., Hahn, T., Rupp, S., Finkelmeier, D., Burger-Kentischer, A., and Ulber, R. (2016). Physicochemical and biological characterization of fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus purified by dye affinity chromatography. Mar. Drugs, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/md14040079"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1038\/168167a0","article-title":"A colorimetric method for the determination of sugars","volume":"168","author":"Dubois","year":"1951","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(73)90377-1","article-title":"New method for quantitative determination of uronic acids","volume":"54","author":"Blumenkrantz","year":"1973","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0840106","article-title":"A note on the determination of the ester sulphate content of sulphated polysaccharides","volume":"84","author":"Dodgson","year":"1962","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(99)99017-1","article-title":"Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent","volume":"299","author":"Singleton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Method. Enzymol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","article-title":"A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding","volume":"72","author":"Bradford","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1254\/jjp.24.393","article-title":"Early and delayed phases of hind paw edema in rats","volume":"24","author":"Nakamura","year":"1974","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6221","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S140934","article-title":"Ketoprofen-loaded polymer carriers in bigel formulation: An approach to enhancing drug photostability in topical application forms","volume":"12","author":"Andonova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1080\/13102818.2014.932136","article-title":"Study on anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of clomipramine in carrageenan- and lipopolysaccharide-induced rat models of inflammation","volume":"28","author":"Kostadinov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Equip."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2012.12.003","article-title":"Effects of antidepressants on alternations in serum cytokines and depressive-like behavior in mice after lipopolysaccharide administration","volume":"103","author":"Ohgi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2013.07.007","article-title":"Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of riparin II (O-methil-N-2-hidroxi-benzoyl tyramine) in animal models","volume":"205","author":"Rocha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."}],"container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-3397\/20\/11\/714\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:18:31Z","timestamp":1760145511000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-3397\/20\/11\/714"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["md20110714"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/md20110714","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-3397"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-3397","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]}}}