{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T19:18:25Z","timestamp":1778181505232,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT)","award":["2021R1F1A1057427"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1F1A1057427"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT)","award":["2020R1A4A1019322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A4A1019322"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT)","award":["2017M3A9G7072568"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017M3A9G7072568"]}]},{"name":"Bio and Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT","award":["2021R1F1A1057427"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1F1A1057427"]}]},{"name":"Bio and Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT","award":["2020R1A4A1019322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A4A1019322"]}]},{"name":"Bio and Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT","award":["2017M3A9G7072568"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017M3A9G7072568"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Endothelial\u2013mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a process by which endothelial cells (ECs) transition into mesenchymal cells (e.g., myofibroblasts and smooth muscle cells) and induce fibrosis of cells\/tissues, due to ischemic conditions in the heart. Previously, we reported that echinochrome A (EchA) derived from sea urchin shells can modulate cardiovascular disease by promoting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity; however, the mechanism underlying these effects was unclear. We investigated the role of EchA in the EndMT process by treating human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) with TGF-\u03b22 and IL-1\u03b2, and confirmed the regulation of cell migration, inflammatory, oxidative responses and mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, we developed an EndMT-induced myocardial infarction (MI) model to investigate the effect of EchA in vivo. After EchA was administered once a day for a total of 3 days, the histological and functional improvement of the myocardium was investigated to confirm the control of the EndMT. We concluded that EchA negatively regulates early or inflammation-related EndMT and reduces the myofibroblast proportion and fibrosis area, meaning that it may be a potential therapy for cardiac regeneration or cardioprotection from scar formation and cardiac fibrosis due to tissue granulation. Our findings encourage the study of marine bioactive compounds for the discovery of new therapeutics for recovering ischemic cardiac injuries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md20120756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T07:10:27Z","timestamp":1669792227000},"page":"756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Regulation of Inflammation-Mediated Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition with Echinochrome a for Improving Myocardial Dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9962-0941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byeong-Wook","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sejin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9705-531X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seongtae","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanbyeol","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hojin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7526-026X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Vasileva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7616-574X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Mishchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4199-2099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergey","family":"Fedoreyev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentin","family":"Stonik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6622-3368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jongmin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women\u2019s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1791-7865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Smart Marine Therapeutic Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1859-3425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Smart Marine Therapeutic Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7367-2586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Woochul","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.006510","article-title":"Experimental myocardial infarction triggers canonical Wnt signaling and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition","volume":"4","author":"Aisagbonhi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dis. 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