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Risk factors for new BPD in human infants include intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), premature birth (PTB) and formula feeding. Using a mouse model, our group recently reported that a paternal history of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure increased his offspring\u2019s risk of IUGR, PTB, and new BPD. Additionally, formula supplementation of these neonates worsened the severity of pulmonary disease. In a separate study, we reported that a paternal preconception fish oil diet prevented TCDD-driven IUGR and PTB. Not surprisingly, eliminating these two major risk factors for new BPD also significantly reduced development of neonatal lung disease. However, this prior study did not examine the potential mechanism for fish oil\u2019s protective effect. Herein, we sought to determine whether a paternal preconception fish oil diet attenuated toxicant-associated lung inflammation, which is an important contributor to the pathogenesis of new BPD. Compared to offspring of standard diet TCDD-exposed males, offspring of TCDD-exposed males provided a fish oil diet prior to conception exhibited a significant reduction in pulmonary expression of multiple pro-inflammatory mediators (Tlr4, Cxcr2, Il-1 alpha). Additionally, neonatal lungs of pups born to fish oil treated fathers exhibited minimal hemorrhaging or edema. Currently, prevention of BPD is largely focused on maternal strategies to improve health (e.g., smoking cessation) or reduce risk of PTB (e.g., progesterone supplementation). Our studies in mice support a role for also targeting paternal factors to improve pregnancy outcomes and child health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md21030161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T03:02:32Z","timestamp":1678071752000},"page":"161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Paternal Fish Oil Diet Preconception Reduces Lung Inflammation in a Toxicant-Driven Murine Model of New Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2082-6355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jelonia T.","family":"Rumph","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Women\u2019s Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria R.","family":"Stephens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women\u2019s Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharareh","family":"Ameli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women\u2019s Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8312-062X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"LaKendria K.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9493-3439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kayla J.","family":"Rayford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7101-7721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pius N.","family":"Nde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin G.","family":"Osteen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women\u2019s Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"},{"name":"VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaylon L.","family":"Bruner-Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women\u2019s Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00224","article-title":"Mother\u2019s Own Milk and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"7","author":"Pierro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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