{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:50:57Z","timestamp":1790643057753,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Seaweed has been known to possess beneficial effects forhuman health due to the presence of functional bioactive components. The n-butanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Dictyota dichotoma showed ash (31.78%), crude fat (18.93%), crude protein (14.5%), and carbohydrate (12.35%) contents. About 19 compounds were identified in the n-butanol extract, primarily undecane, cetylic acid, hexadecenoic acid, Z-11-, lageracetal, dodecane, and tridecane, whereas 25 compounds were identified in the ethyl acetate extract, mainly tetradecanoic, hexadecenoic acid, Z-11-, undecane, and myristic acid. FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of carboxylic acid, phenols, aromatics, ethers, amides, sulfonates, and ketones. Moreover, total phenolic contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) in ethyl acetate extract were 2.56 and 2.51 mg GAE\/g and in n-butanol extract were 2.11 and 2.25 mg QE\/g, respectively. Ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts at a high concentration of 100 mg mL\u22121 showed 66.64 and 56.56 % inhibition of DPPH, respectively. Antimicrobial activity revealed that Candida albicans was the most susceptible microorganism, followed by Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed the least inhibition at all concentrations. The in vivo hypoglycemic study revealed that both extracts exhibited concentration-dependent hypoglycemic activities. In conclusion, this macroalgae exhibited antioxidant, antimicrobial, and hypoglycemic potentials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md21050273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T05:10:14Z","timestamp":1682572214000},"page":"273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Chemical and Nutritional Profiling of the Seaweed Dictyota dichotoma and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Hypoglycemic Potentials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9758-4468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Imran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4297-317X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arshad","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0229-1425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed Lal","family":"Badshah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan"},{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8102-1051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayaz Ali","family":"Sher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9437-676X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hammad","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4299-2445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Ayaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Dir(L), Chakdara 18000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osama F.","family":"Mosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public health Department Health Sciences College at Lieth, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 21961, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Biochemistry Department, Bukhara State Medical Institute Named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara 20018, Uzbekistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1602-2725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nada M.","family":"Mostafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4870-7713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Daglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Antimicrobial efficacy of some marine macroalgae of Red Sea","volume":"3","author":"Gharieb","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Microbiol. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626389","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2020.626389","article-title":"Current status of the algae production industry in Europe: An emerging sector of the blue bioeconomy","volume":"7","author":"Azevedo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lomartire, S., Marques, J.C., and Gon\u00e7alves, A.M. (2021). An overview to the health benefits of seaweeds consumption. Mar. 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