{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T05:33:47Z","timestamp":1786426427463,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32072145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32072145"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The growth and development of the fetus and newborn throughout pregnancy and lactation are directly related to the nutritional status of the mother, which has a significant impact on the health of the offspring. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the susceptibility of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency in early life to seizures in adulthood. The n-3 PUFAs-deficient mice\u2019s offspring were established and then fed with \u03b1-LNA diet, DHA-enriched ethyl ester, and DHA-enriched phospholipid-containing diets for 17 days at the age of eight weeks. During this period, animals received intraperitoneal injections of 35 mg\/kg of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) every other day for eight days. The results showed that dietary n-3 PUFA-deficiency in early life could aggravate PTZ-induced epileptic seizures and brain disorders. Notably, nutritional supplementation with n-3 PUFAs in adulthood for 17 days could significantly recover the brain n-3 fatty acid and alleviate the epilepsy susceptibility as well as raise seizure threshold to different levels by mediating the neurotransmitter disturbance and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, demyelination, and neuroinflammation status of the hippocampus. DHA-enriched phospholipid possessed a superior effect on alleviating the seizure compared to \u03b1-LNA and DHA-enriched ethyl ester. Dietary n-3 PUFA deficiency in early life increases the susceptibility to PTZ-induced epilepsy in adult offspring, and nutritional supplementation with n-3 PUFAs enhances the tolerance to the epileptic seizure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md21060354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T09:54:32Z","timestamp":1686304472000},"page":"354","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Supplementation of n-3 PUFAs in Adulthood Attenuated Susceptibility to Pentylenetetrazol Induced Epilepsy in Mice Fed with n-3 PUFAs Deficient Diet in Early Life"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ying-Cai","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Cheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2838-2146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao-Yue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan-Dan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Ming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang-Hu","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China"},{"name":"Pet Nutrition Research and Development Center, Gambol Pet Group Co., Ltd., Liaocheng 252000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5162-0408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tian-Tian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2015.01.563","article-title":"Hippocampus and epilepsy: Findings from human tissues","volume":"171","author":"Huberfeld","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. 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