{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T03:33:30Z","timestamp":1789184010297,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]],"date-time":"2023-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation","award":["075-15-2022-1143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-15-2022-1143"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation","award":["20-15-00207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-15-00207"]}]},{"name":"Government of the Russian Federation","award":["075-15-2022-1143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-15-2022-1143"]}]},{"name":"Government of the Russian Federation","award":["20-15-00207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-15-00207"]}]},{"name":"Russian Scientific Foundation","award":["075-15-2022-1143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-15-2022-1143"]}]},{"name":"Russian Scientific Foundation","award":["20-15-00207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-15-00207"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The carotenoids mixture (MC) isolated from the starfish Patiria. pectinifera contains more than 50% astaxanthin, 4\u20136% each zeaxanthine and lutein, and less pharmacologically active components such as free fatty acids and their glycerides. Astaxanthin, the major component of MC, belongs to the xanthophyll class of carotenoids, and is well known for its antioxidant properties. In this work, in vitro and in vivo studies on the biological activity of MC were carried out. The complex was shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and cancer-preventive activity, without any toxicity at a dose of 500 mg\/kg. MC effectively improves the clinical picture of the disease progressing, as well as normalizing the cytokine profile and the antioxidant defense system in the in vivo animal models of inflammatory diseases, namely: skin carcinogenesis, allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and systemic inflammation (SI). In the skin carcinogenesis induced by 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene, the incidence of papillomas was decreased 1.5 times; 1% MC ointment form in allergic contact dermatitis showed an 80% reduced severity of pathomorphological skin manifestations. Obtained results show that MC from starfish P. pectinifera is an effective remedy for the treatment and prevention of inflammatory processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md21090470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T05:46:47Z","timestamp":1693201607000},"page":"470","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Carotenoids from Starfish Patiria pectinifera: Therapeutic Activity in Models of Inflammatory Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Aleksandr M.","family":"Popov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma P.","family":"Kozlovskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna A.","family":"Klimovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatyana A.","family":"Rutckova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksey I.","family":"Vakhrushev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2171-9896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry M.","family":"Hushpulian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 13\/4 Myasnitskaya str., Moscow 117997, Russia"},{"name":"Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre \u201cFundamentals of Biotechnology\u201d of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninski prospect 33, Moscow 1190721, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina G.","family":"Gazaryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 13\/4 Myasnitskaya str., Moscow 117997, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Enzymology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Physical Sciences, Dyson College of Art and Sciences, Pace University, 861 Bedford Road, Pleasantville, NY 10570, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vyacheslav V.","family":"Makhankov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oksana M.","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Advanced Engineering Studies, Institute of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Food Systems, Far Eastern Federal University, p. 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