{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T20:48:18Z","timestamp":1791406098124,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bio Based Industries Joint Undertaking (JU)","award":["837726"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["837726"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and the Bio Based Industries Consortium","award":["837726"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["837726"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fish by-catches, along with other fish side-streams, were previously used as raw material for the production of fishmeal and fish oil but appropriate handling allows their use in more valuable options. The aim of this research was to valorize undersized hake (Merluccius merluccius) as a model of using fish by-catch from the Bay of Biscay to produce protein hydrolysates with bioactivities. Six enzymes, with different proteolytic activities (endo- or exoproteases) and specificities, were tested to produce protein hydrolysates. Products obtained with an endoprotease of serine resulted in the most promising results in terms of protein extraction yield (68%), with an average molecular weight of 2.5 kDa, and bioactivity yield (antioxidant activity = 88.5 mg TE antioxidant capacity\/g fish protein; antihypertensive activity = 47% inhibition at 1 mg\/mL). Then, process conditions for the use of this enzyme to produce bioactive products were optimized using Box\u2013Behnken design. The most favorable process conditions (time = 2 h, solids = 50% and enzyme\/substrate = 2% with respect to protein) were scaled up (from 0.5 L to 150 L reactor) to confirm laboratory scale and model forecasts. The results obtained in the pilot-scale testing matched the outcomes predicted by the model, confirming the technical viability of the proposed process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md21110552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T06:19:58Z","timestamp":1698214798000},"page":"552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Production of Bioactive Peptides from Hake By-Catches: Optimization and Scale-Up of Enzymatic Hydrolysis Process"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1544-0370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"I\u00f1arra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnol\u00f3gico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6715-8492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Bald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnol\u00f3gico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1182-2045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnol\u00f3gico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4549-8071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"San Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnol\u00f3gico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Zuf\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnol\u00f3gico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3475-3137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jone","family":"Ibarruri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnol\u00f3gico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAO (2022). 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