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This work investigated the protective effect of three different pH-dependent proteins (sodium caseinate (SC), soy protein isolate (SPI), and whey protein isolate (WPI)) combined with PSG on L. plantarum. The experimental results of spray-drying with an inlet temperature of 120 \u00b0C and an outlet temperature of 80 \u00b0C, storage at 4 \u00b0C for 6 months, simulated digestion, and turbidity indicated that PSG\/SC had better stability and encapsulation effects and was more suitable to encapsulate L. plantarum than PSG\/SPI and PSG\/WPI. The optimum preparation conditions for L. plantarum microcapsules were a PSG\/SC mass ratio of 2:1, an SC concentration of 20 g\/L, and a cell concentration of 10 g\/L. The encapsulation efficiency of the obtained microcapsules was 95.0%, and the survival rate was 94.2% in simulated gastric fluid for 2 h and 98.0% in simulated intestinal fluid for 2 h. Amino acid composition analysis exhibited that the imino acid and aspartic acid contents of PSG were 27.98 and 26.16 g\/100 g protein, respectively, which was much higher than commercial bovine gelatin. This characteristic was favorable to the high encapsulation efficiency and stability of microcapsules. In vitro release experiments showed that the PSG\/SC microcapsules did not disintegrate in simulated gastric fluid for 2 h but could completely release in simulated intestinal fluid for 2 h, which can maintain the high survivability of L. plantarum in simulated digestion. In general, this study demonstrated that microcapsules using PSG\/SC as wall materials can effectively improve the survivability of probiotics and have great potential for application in probiotic products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md22030124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T08:35:54Z","timestamp":1709627754000},"page":"124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus plantarum with Improved Survivability Using Pufferfish Skin Gelatin-Based Wall Materials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8393-257X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Honghui","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Technology Innovation Center for the Development and Utilization of Marine Living Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China"},{"name":"Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361100, China"},{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Island Monitoring and Ecological Development, Island Research Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fuzhou 350400, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yelin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Technology Innovation Center for the Development and Utilization of Marine Living Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China"},{"name":"College of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Quanzhou 362200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0649-9039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quanling","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Technology Innovation Center for the Development and Utilization of Marine Living Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China"},{"name":"Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361100, China"},{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Island Monitoring and Ecological Development, Island Research Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fuzhou 350400, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Technology Innovation Center for the Development and Utilization of Marine Living Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China"},{"name":"Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361100, China"},{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Island Monitoring and Ecological Development, Island Research Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fuzhou 350400, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Technology Innovation Center for the Development and Utilization of Marine Living Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China"},{"name":"Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361100, China"},{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Island Monitoring and Ecological Development, Island Research Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fuzhou 350400, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuan","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Technology Innovation Center for the Development and Utilization of Marine Living Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China"},{"name":"Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361100, China"},{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Island Monitoring and Ecological Development, Island Research Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fuzhou 350400, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sijin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Technology Innovation Center for the Development and Utilization of Marine Living Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China"},{"name":"Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361100, China"},{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Island Monitoring and Ecological Development, Island Research Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fuzhou 350400, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming\u2019en","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Technology Innovation Center for the Development and Utilization of Marine Living Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2021.0017","article-title":"A critical evaluation of the factors affecting the survival and persistence of beneficial bacteria in healthy adults","volume":"12","author":"Morelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Benef. 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