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Anticoagulant therapy is the treatment of choice, and heparinoids and warfarin are the most adopted drugs. Sulphated polysaccharides extracted from marine organisms have been demonstrated to be effective alternatives, blocking thrombus formation by inhibiting some factors involved in the coagulation cascade. In this study, four acidic glycan fractions from the marine sponge Sarcotragus spinosulus were purified by anion-exchange chromatography, and their anticoagulant properties were investigated through APTT and PT assays and compared with both standard glycosaminoglycans and holothurian sulphated polysaccharides. Moreover, their topographic localization was assessed through histological analysis, and their cytocompatibility was tested on a human fibroblast cell line. A positive correlation between the amount of acid glycans and the inhibitory effect towards both the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways was observed. The most effective anticoagulant activity was shown by a highly charged fraction, which accounted for almost half (about 40%) of the total hexuronate-containing polysaccharides. Its preliminary structural characterization, performed through infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance, suggested that it may consist of a fucosylated chondroitin sulphate, whose unique structure may be responsible for the anticoagulant activity reported herein for the first time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md22030139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T06:35:30Z","timestamp":1711002930000},"page":"139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Purification of an Acidic Polysaccharide with Anticoagulant Activity from the Marine Sponge Sarcotragus spinosulus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9268-9436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Nieddu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 43b, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3192-755X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Obino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 43b, 07100 Sassari, Italy"},{"name":"MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1761-3124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Ciampelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 43b, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Brunetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 43b, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7522-8200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiziana","family":"Cubeddu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0544-4105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Manconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giacinta Angela","family":"Stocchino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni Andrea","family":"Deiana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 43b, 07100 Sassari, Italy"},{"name":"Struttura Complessa Laboratorio Unico di Analisi Cliniche Chimico-Ematologiche, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9207-5787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marilena","family":"Formato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 43b, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8356-894X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio Junior","family":"Lepedda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 43b, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Chaudhry, R., Usama, S.M., and Babiker, H.M. 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