{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:57:16Z","timestamp":1767833836407,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Government of Republic of Moldova, Ministry of Education and Research","award":["020101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["020101"]}]},{"name":"Government of Republic of Moldova, Ministry of Education and Research","award":["4\/FI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4\/FI"]}]},{"name":"Institutional financing","award":["020101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["020101"]}]},{"name":"Institutional financing","award":["4\/FI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4\/FI"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of 10 and 20 nm nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the growth and biochemical composition of microalga Porphyridium purpureum CNMN-AR-02 in two media which differ by the total amount of mineral salts (MM1 with 33.02 g\/L and MM2 with 21.65 g\/L). Spectrophotometric methods were used to estimate the amount of biomass and its biochemical composition. This study provides evidence of both stimulatory and inhibitory effects of AgNPs on different parameters depending on the concentration, size, and composition of the nutrient medium. In relation to the mineral medium, AgNPs exhibited various effects on the content of proteins (an increase up to 20.5% in MM2 and a decrease up to 36.8% in MM1), carbohydrates (a decrease up to 35.8% in MM1 and 39.6% in MM2), phycobiliproteins (an increase up to 15.7% in MM2 and 56.8% in MM1), lipids (an increase up to 197% in MM1 and no changes found in MM2), antioxidant activity (a decrease in both media). The composition of the cultivation medium has been revealed as one of the factors influencing the involvement of nanoparticles in the biosynthetic activity of microalgae.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md22050208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T08:59:39Z","timestamp":1714553979000},"page":"208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on the Red Microalga Porphyridium purpureum CNMN-AR-02, Cultivated on Two Nutrient Media"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0752-8153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludmila","family":"Rudi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Technical University of Moldova, 2028 Chisinau, Moldova"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7516-948X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liliana","family":"Cepoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Technical University of Moldova, 2028 Chisinau, Moldova"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Chiriac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Technical University of Moldova, 2028 Chisinau, Moldova"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Djur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Technical University of Moldova, 2028 Chisinau, Moldova"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Valuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Technical University of Moldova, 2028 Chisinau, Moldova"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Miscu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Technical University of Moldova, 2028 Chisinau, Moldova"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liberti, D., Imbimbo, P., Giustino, E., D\u2019Elia, L., Silva, M., Barreira, L., and Monti, D.M. (2023). Shedding Light on the Hidden Benefit of Porphyridium cruentum Culture. Antioxidants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12020337"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsvetanova, F., and Yankov, D. (2022). Bioactive Compounds from Red Microalgae with Therapeutic and Nutritional Value. Microorganisms, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10112290"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836370","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2021.836370","article-title":"Integration bioprocess of B-phycoerythrin and exopolysaccharides production from photosynthetic microalga Porphyridium cruentum","volume":"8","author":"Yin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casas-Arrojo, V., Decara, J., de los \u00c1ngeles Arrojo-Agudo, M., P\u00e9rez-Manr\u00edquez, C., and Abdala-D\u00edaz, R.T. (2021). Immunomodulatory, antioxidant activity and cytotoxic effect of sulfated polysaccharides from Porphyridium cruentum. (S.F. Gray) N\u00e4geli. Biomolecules, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11040488"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kiran, B.R., and Venkata Mohan, S. (2021). Microalgal Cell Biofactory\u2014Therapeutic, Nutraceutical and Functional Food Applications. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10050836"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130553","article-title":"Microalgae for high-value products: A way towards green nutraceutical and pharmaceutical compounds","volume":"280","author":"Mehariya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, T., Xu, J., Wu, H., Jiang, P., Chen, Z., and Xiang, W. (2019). Growth and Biochemical Composition of Porphyridium purpureum SCS-02 under Different Nitrogen Concentrations. Mar. Drugs, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/md17020124"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"530","article-title":"Silver Nanoparticles as Stimulators in Biotechnology of Porphyridium cruentum","volume":"Volume 87","author":"Cepoi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Nanotechnologies and Biomedical Engineering. Proceedings of ICNBME-2021"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1007\/s11783-022-1554-3","article-title":"Effects of manufactured nanomaterials on algae: Implications and applications","volume":"16","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hasnain, M., Munir, N., Abideen, Z., Dias, D.A., Aslam, F., and Mancinelli, R. (2023). Applying silver nanoparticles to enhance metabolite accumulation and biodiesel production in new algal resources. Agriculture, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture13010073"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1007\/s41204-022-00301-w","article-title":"Re-exploring silver nanoparticles and its potential applications","volume":"8","author":"Rana","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nanotechnol. Environ. Eng."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e08057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e08057","article-title":"Enhanced lipid accumulation in microalgae through nanoparticle-mediated approach, for biodiesel production: A mini-review","volume":"7","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3525","DOI":"10.1039\/D2EN00450J","article-title":"Mechanisms of photoinduced toxicity of AgNPs to the microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa in the presence of hematite nanoparticles: Insights from transcriptomics, metabolomics and the photochemical index","volume":"9","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Nano"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130886","article-title":"Advancement of green technologies: A comprehensive review on the potential application of microalgae biomass","volume":"281","author":"Yap","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9658386","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9658386","article-title":"Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Tropical Freshwater and Marine Microalgae","volume":"2019","author":"Pham","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Komazec, B., Cvjetko, P., Balen, B., Letofsky-Papst, I., Lyons, D.M., and Peharec \u0160tefani\u0107, P. (2023). The Occurrence of Oxidative Stress Induced by Silver Nanoparticles in Chlorella vulgaris Depends on the Surface-Stabilizing Agent. Nanomaterials, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano13131967"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114636","article-title":"Synthesis, applications, toxicity and toxicity mechanisms of silver nanoparticles: A review","volume":"253","author":"Nie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rudi, L., Cepoi, L., Chiriac, T., Miscu, V., Valuta, A., and Djur, S. (2023). Effects of citrate-stabilized gold and silver nanoparticles on some safety parameters of Porphyridium cruentum biomass. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1224945"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6687290","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6687290","article-title":"Current Research on Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications","volume":"2021","author":"Dawadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nanomater."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, F., Liu, T., Guan, W., Xu, L., Huo, S., Ma, A., Zhuang, G., and Terry, N. (2021). Development of a Strategy for Enhancing the Biomass Growth and Lipid Accumulation of Chlorella sp. UJ-3 Using Magnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11112802"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2023.103089","article-title":"Effects of the salinity on the biosynthesis of the polysaccharides of the marine microalgae Porphyridium cruentum","volume":"71","author":"Decamp","year":"2023","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2020.118598","article-title":"Role of nanoparticles on microalgal cultivation: A review","volume":"280","author":"Longoria","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, X.M., Ren, L.J., Zhao, Q.Y., Ji, X.Y., and Huang, H. (2018). Microalgae for the production of lipid and carotenoids: A review with focus on stress regulation and adaptation. Biotechnol. Biofuels, 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13068-018-1275-9"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1007\/s11738-020-03101-4","article-title":"Impact of silver nanoparticles on the growth, fatty acid profile, and antioxidative response of Nannochloropsis oculata","volume":"42","author":"Fazelian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Plant."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15526","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-15667-0","article-title":"Improvement on lipid production by Scenedesmus obliquus triggered by low dose exposure to nanoparticles","volume":"7","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, S.W., Alimujiang, A., Cui, J., Chen, T.T., Balamurugan, S., Zheng, J.W., Wang, X., Yang, W.D., and Li, H.Y. (2021). Molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles concurrently stimulated biomass and \u03b2-carotene accumulation in Dunaliella salina. Bioresour. Technol., 320.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2020.124391"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2020.101942","article-title":"Effect of iron oxide nanoparticles on growth and biofuel potential of Chlorella spp","volume":"49","author":"Rana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuan, X., Gao, X., Liu, C., Liang, W., Xue, H., Li, Z., and Jin, H. (2023). Application of Nanomaterials in the Production of Biomolecules in Microalgae: A Review. Mar. Drugs, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/md21110594"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2022.126444","article-title":"Aftermath of nanomaterials on lipid profile of microalgae as a radical fuel supplement\u2014A review","volume":"333","author":"Dey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tzanakis, N., Aravantinou, A.F., and Manariotis, I.D. (2023). Short-Term Toxicity of ZnO Nanoparticles on Microalgae at Different Initial Nutrient Concentrations. Sustainability, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/su15107853"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.06.098","article-title":"Influence of salinity on the toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) in halophilic microalgae, Dunaliella salina","volume":"209","author":"Johari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2021.102270","article-title":"Simultaneous enhancement on renewable bioactive compounds from Porphyridium cruentum via a novel two-stage cultivation","volume":"55","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(87)48036-1","article-title":"Chlorophylls and Carotenoids: Pigments of Photosynthetic Biomembranes","volume":"148","author":"Lichtenthaler","year":"1987","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."}],"container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-3397\/22\/5\/208\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:38:11Z","timestamp":1760107091000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-3397\/22\/5\/208"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["md22050208"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/md22050208","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-3397"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-3397","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]}}}