{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T18:36:47Z","timestamp":1778611007316,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82173731"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82173731"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17490742500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17490742500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Project of Shanghai International Science and Technology Cooperation Fund Project","award":["82173731"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82173731"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Project of Shanghai International Science and Technology Cooperation Fund Project","award":["17490742500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17490742500"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Frontiers Research Center of the Hadal Biosphere","award":["82173731"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82173731"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Frontiers Research Center of the Hadal Biosphere","award":["17490742500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17490742500"]}]},{"name":"CSPFTZ Lingang Special Area Marine Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shanghai, China","award":["82173731"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82173731"]}]},{"name":"CSPFTZ Lingang Special Area Marine Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shanghai, China","award":["17490742500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17490742500"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recently, there has been a growing interest in collagen peptides derived from marine sources for their notable ability to protect skin cells against apoptosis induced by oxidants. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the fundamental properties of collagen peptides, including their physicochemical, thermal, structural, stem-cell-regenerative, and skin-cell-protective effects, in comparison to commercial collagen peptides. The acid-soluble (ASC) and pepsin-soluble (PSC) collagens exhibited three distinct bands on SDS-PAGE, namely \u03b1 (\u03b11 and \u03b12), \u03b2, and \u03b3 chains, confirming a type I pattern. The thermal profiles obtained from TG and DSC analyses confirmed the denaturation of PSC and ASC at temperatures ranging from 51.94 to 56.4 \u00b0C and from 52.07 to 56.53 \u00b0C, respectively. The purified collagen peptides were analyzed using SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, revealing a mass range of 900\u201315,000 Da. Furthermore, the de novo peptide sequence analysis confirmed the presence of the Gly-X-Y repeating sequence in collagen peptides. Collagen peptide treatments significantly enhanced HFF-1 cell proliferation and migration compared to the control group. ELISA results confirmed the potential interactions between collagen peptides and HFF-1 cells through \u03b12\u03b21, \u03b110\u03b21, and \u03b111\u03b21 integrin receptors. Notably, collagen peptide treatment effectively restored the proliferation of HFF-1 cells damaged by H2O2. Consequently, the advantageous characteristics of squid skin collagen peptides highlight their promising role in regenerative medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md22060255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T06:08:14Z","timestamp":1717049294000},"page":"255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Stem-Cell-Regenerative and Protective Effects of Squid (Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis) Skin Collagen Peptides against H2O2-Induced Fibroblast Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6508-1476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingjun","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lakshmi","family":"Jeevithan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lixin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"},{"name":"Putuo Sub-Center of International Joint Research Center for Marine Biological Sciences, Zhongke Road, Putuo District, Zhoushan 316104, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiren","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1710-8582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenhui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4115-9918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeevithan","family":"Elango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"},{"name":"Center of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India"},{"name":"Department of Biomaterials Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM Universidad Cat\u00f3lica San Antonio de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scp.2020.100315","article-title":"Collagen Extraction and Recent Biological Activities of Collagen Peptides Derived from Sea-Food Waste: A Review","volume":"18","author":"Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustain. Chem. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12450","article-title":"Collagen: A Review on Its Sources and Potential Cosmetic Applications","volume":"17","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elango, J., Robinson, J., Zhang, J., Bao, B., Ma, N., De Val, J.E.M.S., and Wu, W. (2019). Collagen Peptide Upregulates Osteoblastogenesis from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells through MAPK- Runx2. Cells, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8050446"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6312","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-015-1715-5","article-title":"Purification, Characterization and Antioxidant Properties of Low Molecular Weight Collagenous Polypeptide (37 kDa) Prepared from Whale Shark Cartilage (Rhincodon typus)","volume":"52","author":"Jeevithan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14236","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA24979A","article-title":"Biocompatibility Assessment of Type-II Collagen and Its Polypeptide for Tissue Engineering: Effect of Collagen\u2019s Molecular Weight and Glycoprotein Content on Tumor Necrosis Factor (Fas\/Apo-1) Receptor Activation in Human Acute T-Lymphocyte Leukemia Cell Line","volume":"6","author":"Jeevithan","year":"2016","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2021.08.017","article-title":"Bioactive Peptides Derived from Marine Sources: Biological and Functional Properties","volume":"119","author":"Cunha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4006","DOI":"10.3390\/md13074006","article-title":"Marine Peptides: Bioactivities and Applications","volume":"13","author":"Cheung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2013.10.025","article-title":"Jumbo Squid (Dosidicus gigas) Myofibrillar Protein Concentrate for Edible Packaging Films and Storage Stability","volume":"55","author":"Montero","year":"2014","journal-title":"LWT\u2014Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, N., Diao, X., Pu, X., Tang, P., Elango, J., and Wu, W. (2023). The Antioxidant Protective Effect of Iris-Squid-Derived Protein Hydrolysates (>10 kDa) in HSF Fibroblast Cells Induced by H2O2. J. Compos. Sci., 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcs7060228"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482354","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/482354","article-title":"Characteristics of Pepsin-Solubilised Collagen from the Skin of Splendid Squid (Loligo formosana)","volume":"2015","author":"Kittiphattanabawon","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2023.114443","article-title":"Cryoprotective Effect of Collagen Hydrolysates from Squid Skin on Frozen Shrimp and Characterizations of Its Antifreeze Peptides","volume":"174","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2018.10.055","article-title":"Evaluation of Astaxanthin Incorporated Collagen Film Developed from the Outer Skin Waste of Squid Doryteuthis Singhalensis for Wound Healing and Tissue Regenerative Applications","volume":"95","author":"Veeruraj","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-2244(01)00007-3","article-title":"Enzymatic Protein Hydrolysates in Human Nutrition","volume":"11","author":"Clemente","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3136\/fstr.22.39","article-title":"Extraction Optimization, Preliminary Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Glycoproteins from the Muscle of Sepia pharaonis","volume":"22","author":"Dai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Sci. Technol. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, K., Wei, R., and Song, R. (2019). Extraction of Cathepsin D-Like Protease from Neon Flying Squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) Viscera and Application in Antioxidant Hydrolysate Production. Biomolecules, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9060228"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, S., Zhao, Y., Song, W., Zhang, C., Wang, Q., Li, R., Shen, Y., Gong, S., Li, M., and Sun, L. (2023). Improving the Sustainability of Processing By-Products: Extraction and Recent Biological Activities of Collagen Peptides. Foods, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12101965"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sasaoka, Y., Kishimura, H., Adachi, S., and Takagi, Y. (2018). Collagen Peptides Derived from the Triple Helical Region of Sturgeon Collagen Improve Glucose Tolerance in Normal Mice. J. Food Biochem., 42.","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.12478"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/10826068.2014.995808","article-title":"Preparation of Squid Skin Collagen Hydrolysate as an Antihyaluronidase, Antityrosinase, and Antioxidant Agent","volume":"46","author":"Nakchum","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prep. Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-457X.6658","article-title":"In Vitro Antioxidant, Antimutagenic and Antiproliferative Activities of Collagen Hydrolysates of Jumbo Squid (Dosidicus gigas) Byproducts","volume":"35","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.32604\/biocell.2023.027729","article-title":"Review on Marine Collagen Peptides Induce Cancer Cell Apoptosis, Necrosis, and Autophagy by Reducing Oxidized Free Radicals","volume":"47","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"BIOCELL"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2013.08.027","article-title":"Identification of Ace-Inhibitory Peptides from Squid Skin Collagen after in Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion","volume":"54","author":"Montero","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.113.112540","article-title":"Inhibitory Effect of Progesterone on Cervical Tissue Formation in a Three-Dimensional Culture System with Human Cervical Fibroblasts","volume":"90","author":"House","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2017.04.122","article-title":"Extraction and Characterization of Collagen from Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic Squid and Its Potential Application in Hybrid Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering","volume":"78","author":"Coelho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2016.03.013","article-title":"Evaluation of Alternative Sources of Collagen Fractions from Loligo vulgaris Squid Mantle","volume":"87","author":"Cozza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2010.01.008","article-title":"Jumbo Squid (Dosidicus gigas) Mantle Collagen: Extraction, Characterization, and Potential Application in the Preparation of Chitosan\u2013Collagen Biofilms","volume":"101","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2014.07.025","article-title":"Isolation and Characterization of Collagen from the Outer Skin of Squid (Doryteuthis singhalensis)","volume":"43","author":"Veeruraj","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2014.11.015","article-title":"Physico-Chemical, Antioxidant and Intestinal Absorption Properties of Whale Shark Type-II Collagen Based on Its Solubility with Acid and Pepsin","volume":"50","author":"Jeevithan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Process Biochem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, Z.-Z., Weng, Y.-J., and Zhang, Y.-Q. (2022). Enhancing the In Vitro Biological Activity of Degraded Silk Sericin and Its Analog Metabolites. Biomolecules, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12020161"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S391812","article-title":"Preparation of Cod Skin Collagen Peptides\/Chitosan-Based Temperature-Sensitive Gel and Its Anti-Photoaging Effect in Skin","volume":"17","author":"Kong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jaziri, A.A., Shapawi, R., Mokhtar, R.A.M., Noordin, W.N.M., and Huda, N. (2022). Biochemical and Microstructural Properties of Lizardfish (Saurida tumbil) Scale Collagen Extracted with Various Organic Acids. Gels, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels8050266"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(77)90972-X","article-title":"Isolation and Characterization of a Fluorescent Material in Bovine Achilles Tendon Collagen","volume":"76","author":"Fujimoto","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ijima, H., Nakamura, S., Bual, R., Shirakigawa, N., and Tanoue, S. (2018). Physical Properties of the Extracellular Matrix of Decellularized Porcine Liver. Gels, 4.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels4020039"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1038\/219166a0","article-title":"Amino-Acid Composition and Thermal Stability of the Skin Collagen of the Antarctic Ice-Fish","volume":"219","author":"Rigby","year":"1968","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, L., Cheng, G., Meng, S., and Ding, Y. (2022). Collagen Membrane Derived from Fish Scales for Application in Bone Tissue Engineering. Polymers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14132532"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"712","article-title":"Characterization of Acid-and Pepsin-Soluble Collagens from Spines and Skulls of Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis)","volume":"12","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin. J. Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2344","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-014-1266-1","article-title":"Characterization of Collagen from Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) Skins","volume":"52","author":"Nagai","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, J., Li, J., Li, Z., Yi, R., Shi, S., Wu, K., Li, Y., and Wu, S. (2019). Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Type I Collagens in Red Stingray (Dasyatis akajei) Skin. Mar. Drugs, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/md17100558"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3852","DOI":"10.3390\/md12073852","article-title":"Type II Collagen and Gelatin from Silvertip Shark (Carcharhinus albimarginatus) Cartilage: Isolation, Purification, Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties","volume":"12","author":"Jeevithan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2016.08.047","article-title":"Comparative Assessment of Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Fibril Formation Capacity of Thermostable Carp Scales Collagen","volume":"70","author":"Pal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao, C., Wang, H., Zhang, J., Kan, H., Liu, Y., Guo, L., Tong, H., Wu, Y., and Ge, C. (2023). Effects of Extraction Methods on the Characteristics, Physicochemical Properties and Sensory Quality of Collagen from Spent-Hens Bones. Foods, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12010202"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2015.08.002","article-title":"Northern Pike (Esox lucius) Collagen: Extraction, Characterization and Potential Application","volume":"81","author":"Kozlowska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.048","article-title":"Purification, Optimization and Physicochemical Properties of Collagen from Soft-Shelled Turtle Calipash","volume":"89","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carpio, K.C.R., Bezerra, R.S., Cah\u00fa, T.B., Monte, F.T.D.D., Neri, R.C.A., Silva, J.F.D., Santos, P.R.D., Carvalho, R.P., Galeno, D.M.L., and Inhamuns, A.J. (2023). Extraction and Characterization of Collagen from the Skin of Amazonian Freshwater Fish Pirarucu. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res., 56.","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431x2023e12564"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.1975.360140505","article-title":"Infrared Spectroscopy of Collagen and Collagen-like Polypeptides","volume":"14","author":"Doyle","year":"1975","journal-title":"Biopolymers"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.1972.360110905","article-title":"Normal Vibrations of Crystalline Polyglycine I","volume":"11","author":"Abe","year":"1972","journal-title":"Biopolymers"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.360271105","article-title":"Fourier Transform Ir Spectroscopy of Collagen and Gelatin Solutions: Deconvolution of the Amide I Band for Conformational Studies","volume":"27","author":"Payne","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biopolymers"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2020.00391","article-title":"Aramid-Zirconia Nanocomposite Coating with Excellent Corrosion Protection of Stainless Steel in Saline Media","volume":"8","author":"Nazeer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hou, C., Li, N., Liu, M., Chen, J., Elango, J., Rahman, S.U., Bao, B., and Wu, W. (2022). Therapeutic Effect of Nile Tilapia Type II Collagen on Rigidity in CD8+ Cells by Alleviating Inflammation and Rheumatoid Arthritis in Rats by Oral Tolerance. Polymers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14071284"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-6031(03)00335-6","article-title":"The Effects of Urea and N-Propanol on Collagen Denaturation: Using DSC, Circular Dicroism and Viscosity","volume":"409","author":"Usha","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thermochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, X., Li, Z., Li, Y., and Hou, H. (2022). Typical Structure, Biocompatibility, and Cell Proliferation Bioactivity of Collagen from Tilapia and Pacific Cod. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces, 210.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2021.112238"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10359","DOI":"10.1021\/ja9612615","article-title":"Acetyl-Terminated and Template-Assembled Collagen-Based Polypeptides Composed of Gly-Pro-Hyp Sequences. 3. Conformational Analysis by 1H-NMR and Molecular Modeling Studies","volume":"118","author":"Melacini","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2003.06.006","article-title":"Characterisation of Acid Soluble Collagen from Skins of Young and Adult Nile Perch (Lates niloticus)","volume":"85","author":"Muyonga","year":"2004","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3233(08)60528-8","article-title":"Vibrational Spectroscopy and Conformation of Peptides, Polypeptides, and Proteins","volume":"Volume 38","author":"Krimm","year":"1986","journal-title":"Advances in Protein Chemistry"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e58","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2010.36","article-title":"Mitochondrial Translocation of Oxidized Cofilin Induces Caspase-Independent Necrotic-like Programmed Cell Death of T Cells","volume":"1","author":"Wabnitz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202101060","DOI":"10.26508\/lsa.202101060","article-title":"Visualized Procollagen I\u03b11 Demonstrates the Intracellular Processing of Propeptides","volume":"5","author":"Tanaka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life Sci. Alliance"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ge, B., Hou, C., Bao, B., Pan, Z., De Val, J.E.M.S., Elango, J., and Wu, W. (2022). Comparison of Physicochemical and Structural Properties of Acid-Soluble and Pepsin-Soluble Collagens from Blacktip Reef Shark Skin. Mar. Drugs, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/md20060376"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, L., Yu, Y., Wu, W., and Wang, P. (2023). Extraction, Characterization and Osteogenic Activity of a Type I Collagen from Starfish (Asterias amurensis). Mar. Drugs, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/md21050274"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2015.10.070","article-title":"Extraction and Characterization of Acid-Soluble Collagen from Scales and Skin of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","volume":"66","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"LWT\u2014Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4641","DOI":"10.3390\/md11114641","article-title":"Isolation and Characterization of Collagen and Antioxidant Collagen Peptides from Scales of Croceine Croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea)","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2006.12.035","article-title":"Use of Pepsin for Collagen Extraction from the Skin of Bigeye Snapper (Priacanthus tayenus)","volume":"104","author":"Nalinanon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28870","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms161226140","article-title":"Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitory and Anti-Oxidant Activities of Sea Cucumber (Actinopyga lecanora) Hydrolysates","volume":"16","author":"Ghanbari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oyama, L.B., Olleik, H., Teixeira, A.C.N., Guidini, M.M., Pickup, J.A., Hui, B.Y.P., Vidal, N., Cookson, A.R., Vallin, H., and Wilkinson, T. (2022). In Silico Identification of Two Peptides with Antibacterial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes, 8.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-022-00320-0"},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"e2022018","article-title":"Collagen Supplements for Aging and Wrinkles: A Paradigm Shift in the Field of Dermatology and Cosmetics","volume":"12","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dermatol. Pract. Concept."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17108","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17108","article-title":"Improving Vagal Activity Ameliorates Cardiac Fibrosis Induced by Angiotensin II: In Vivo and in Vitro","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjtee.2018.10.004","article-title":"The Wound Healing Potential of Collagen Peptides Derived from the Jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum","volume":"22","author":"Felician","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. J. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2021.12.014","article-title":"Epigallocatechin Gallate Facilitates Extracellular Elastin Fiber Formation in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells for Tissue Engineering","volume":"163","author":"Ellis","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdallah, B.M. (2017). Marrow Adipocytes Inhibit the Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Osteoblasts via Suppressing BMP-Signaling. J. Biomed. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-017-0321-4"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2015.24","article-title":"Reduced Granulation Tissue and Wound Strength in the Absence of A11\u03b21 Integrin","volume":"135","author":"Schulz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.188672","article-title":"The Integrin\u2013Collagen Connection\u2014A Glue for Tissue Repair?","volume":"129","author":"Zeltz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00158.2013","article-title":"The Wound Healing, Chronic Fibrosis, and Cancer Progression Triad","volume":"46","author":"Rybinski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiol. Genom."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-023-01772-4","article-title":"Immunotherapy of Thymic Epithelial Tumors: Molecular Understandings and Clinical Perspectives","volume":"22","author":"Ao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2012.07.014","article-title":"Wound Healing Activity of Ent-Kaura-9(11),16-Dien-19-Oic Acid Isolated from Wedelia trilobata (L.) Leaves","volume":"19","author":"Balekar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"}],"container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-3397\/22\/6\/255\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:50:54Z","timestamp":1760107854000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-3397\/22\/6\/255"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["md22060255"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/md22060255","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-3397"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-3397","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]}}}