{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T15:55:19Z","timestamp":1791474919396,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin condition that is characterized by dysregulated immune responses and a heightened risk of Staphylococcus aureus infections, necessitating the advancement of innovative therapeutic methods. This study explored the potential of (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-(2R,3R,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexyl octadeca-6,9,12,15-tetraenoate (HSN-S1), a compound derived from the marine alga Hizikia fusiformis, which shows anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory properties. HSN-S1 was isolated and characterized using advanced chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. Its efficacy was evaluated via in vitro assays with keratinocytes, macrophages, and T cells to assess cytokine suppression and its immunomodulatory effects; its antibacterial activity against S. aureus was quantified. The in vivo effectiveness was validated using a 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced AD mouse model that focused on skin pathology and cytokine modulation. HSN-S1 significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, altered T-helper cell cytokine profiles, and showed strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus. In vivo, HSN-S1 alleviated AD-like symptoms in mice and reduced skin inflammation, transepidermal water loss, serum immunoglobulin-E levels, and Th2\/Th17 cytokine outputs. These findings suggest HSN-S1 to be a promising marine-derived candidate for AD treatment, as it offers a dual-target approach that could overcome the limitations of existing therapies, hence warranting further clinical investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md22080354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T17:08:34Z","timestamp":1722359314000},"page":"354","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Antibacterial and Immunosuppressive Effects of a Novel Marine Brown Alga-Derived Ester in Atopic Dermatitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7328-2502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2719-5939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong Won","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na Reum","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huscion MAJIC R&D Center, 331 Pangyo-ro, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3225-6273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kongara","family":"Damodar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huscion MAJIC R&D Center, 331 Pangyo-ro, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su Kil","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huscion MAJIC R&D Center, 331 Pangyo-ro, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1732-8494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeong-Min","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Soo","family":"Gyoung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huscion MAJIC R&D Center, 331 Pangyo-ro, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3449-0645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seong Soo","family":"Joo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Huscion MAJIC R&D Center, 331 Pangyo-ro, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.03.046","article-title":"Immunopathology of atopic dermatitis","volume":"118","author":"Fiset","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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