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Furthermore, current treatment protocols are based on the combination of different compounds that are not fully effective. Therefore, an urgent need to find new compounds to treat Acanthamoeba infections is clear. In the present study, we evaluated staurosporine as a potential treatment for Acanthamoeba keratitis using mouse cornea as an ex vivo model, and a comparative proteomic analysis was conducted to elucidate a mechanism of action. The obtained results indicate that staurosporine altered the conformation of actin and tubulin in treated trophozoites of A. castellanii. In addition, proteomic analysis of treated trophozoites revealed that this molecule induced overexpression and a downregulation of proteins related to key functions for Acanthamoeba infection pathways. Additionally, the ex vivo assay used validated this model for the study of the pathogenesis and therapies of AK. Finally, staurosporine eliminated the entire amoebic population and prevented the adhesion and infection of amoebae to the epithelium of treated mouse corneas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md22090423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T09:49:19Z","timestamp":1726652959000},"page":"423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Staurosporine as a Potential Treatment for Acanthamoeba Keratitis Using Mouse Cornea as an Ex Vivo Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3858-836X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rub\u00e9n L.","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Exp\u00f3sito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud P\u00fablica de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrof\u00edsico Fco. S\u00e1nchez, S\/N, 38203 San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecolog\u00eda, Pediatr\u00eda, Medicina Preventiva y Salud P\u00fablica, Toxicolog\u00eda, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitolog\u00eda, Universidad de La Laguna, 38203 San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ines","family":"Sifaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud P\u00fablica de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrof\u00edsico Fco. S\u00e1nchez, S\/N, 38203 San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecolog\u00eda, Pediatr\u00eda, Medicina Preventiva y Salud P\u00fablica, Toxicolog\u00eda, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitolog\u00eda, Universidad de La Laguna, 38203 San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4172-7153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lizbeth","family":"Salazar-Villatoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Infect\u00f3mica y Patog\u00e9nesis Molecular, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico 07360, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos J.","family":"Bethencourt-Estrella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud P\u00fablica de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrof\u00edsico Fco. S\u00e1nchez, S\/N, 38203 San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecolog\u00eda, Pediatr\u00eda, Medicina Preventiva y Salud P\u00fablica, Toxicolog\u00eda, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitolog\u00eda, Universidad de La Laguna, 38203 San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0805-8317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 J.","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Bio-Org\u00e1nica Antonio Gonz\u00e1lez (IUBO AG), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38203 San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38203 San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8886-7519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana R.","family":"D\u00edaz-Marrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Bio-Org\u00e1nica Antonio Gonz\u00e1lez (IUBO AG), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38203 San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiolog\u00eda (IPNA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), 38203 San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Sutak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, 252 50 Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5881-4638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maritza","family":"Oma\u00f1a-Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Medicina, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6233-8224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 E.","family":"Pi\u00f1ero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud P\u00fablica de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrof\u00edsico Fco. S\u00e1nchez, S\/N, 38203 San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecolog\u00eda, Pediatr\u00eda, Medicina Preventiva y Salud P\u00fablica, Toxicolog\u00eda, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitolog\u00eda, Universidad de La Laguna, 38203 San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Lorenzo-Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud P\u00fablica de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrof\u00edsico Fco. S\u00e1nchez, S\/N, 38203 San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecolog\u00eda, Pediatr\u00eda, Medicina Preventiva y Salud P\u00fablica, Toxicolog\u00eda, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitolog\u00eda, Universidad de La Laguna, 38203 San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-2-16","article-title":"Review of \u201cAcanthamoeba: Biology and Pathogenesis\u201d by Naveed Ahmed Khan","volume":"2","author":"Henriquez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasit. 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