{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T05:23:28Z","timestamp":1793683408116,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014423","name":"Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMEERF20223C05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMEERF20223C05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Extraction of lipids and high-value products from highly wet microalgae requires significant energy for the drying pretreatment. In this study, we examined the direct extraction of lipids, \u03b2-carotene, and polyphenolic compounds from wet Dunaliella salina using liquefied dimethyl ether (DME), which is effective in lipid extraction for biofuel production. The amount of DME-extracted \u03b2-carotene was 7.0 mg\/g, which was higher than that obtained from the chloroform\u2013methanol extraction. Moreover, the total phenolic content extracted with DME and its antioxidant capacity were slightly higher than those extracted with chloroform\u2013methanol. DME removed almost all the water and extracted 29.2 wt% of total lipids and 9.7 wt% of fatty acids. More lipids were extracted from wet samples by liquefied DME than by chloroform\u2013methanol extraction. The C\/N ratio of lipids extracted with DME was 112.0, higher than that of chloroform\u2013methanol. The high C\/N ratio suggests that nitrogen-containing phosphatidylcholines may be less easily extracted by liquefied DME and may be highly selective. However, the ratio of saturated fatty acids was 34.8%, lower than that of chloroform\u2013methanol. Na+ and Mg2+ in the culture medium were not extracted using DME. Thus, using the extract with DME has both advantages and disadvantages compared to using the extract with chloroform\u2013methanol; however, it has satisfactory extraction properties. DME is expected to be an environment-friendly alternative solvent because it does not require drying, which is necessary for conventional extraction solvents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md22100438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T06:55:52Z","timestamp":1727333752000},"page":"438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Direct Extraction of Lipids, \u03b2-Carotene, and Polyphenolic Compounds from Wet Microalga Dunaliella salina by Liquefied Dimethyl Ether"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8393-4276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideki","family":"Kanda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaito","family":"Kusumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Process Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Galanakis, C.M. 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