{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T05:02:35Z","timestamp":1771909355476,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteoarthritis is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by the degeneration of joint cartilage and underlying bone, resulting in pain, swelling, and reduced mobility. This study evaluates the efficacy of salmon nasal cartilage-derived proteoglycans in mitigating osteoarthritis symptoms and investigates the underlying molecular mechanisms. This study employed a rat model of osteoarthritis induced by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) injection. The rats were orally administered salmon nasal cartilage-derived proteoglycans or ibuprofen. Key aspects of osteoarthritis pathology, including impaired exercise ability, inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation, and chondrocyte apoptosis, were assessed using histological analysis, micro-CT, treadmill testing, serum assays, and mRNA\/protein expression studies. The MIA injection caused significant cartilage damage, reduced bone mineral density, and impaired exercise ability. Additionally, it elevated serum levels of prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide, increased the mRNA and protein levels of inflammation-related factors, and activated apoptosis signaling pathways in cartilage. Treatment with salmon nasal cartilage-derived proteoglycans significantly improved cartilage morphology and mineralization, reduced inflammation, and inhibited apoptosis signaling pathways, with effects comparable to those observed with ibuprofen treatment. These findings highlight the potential of salmon nasal cartilage-derived proteoglycans as a therapeutic agent for managing osteoarthritis by effectively reducing inflammation, preventing cartilage degradation, and inhibiting chondrocyte apoptosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md22110507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T03:53:14Z","timestamp":1731383594000},"page":"507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Salmon Nasal Cartilage-Derived Proteoglycans Alleviate Monosodium Iodoacetate-Induced Osteoarthritis in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1239-0611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inae","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinbum","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinjung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatuya","family":"Wada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nihon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo 103-0012, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dae Soo","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Daedeok Pharma Co., Ltd., Suwon-si 16226, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8338-2571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ok-Kyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Human Ecology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/41.S1.3","article-title":"The prevalence and burden of arthritis","volume":"41","author":"Reginster","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40355","article-title":"Updated estimates suggest a much higher prevalence of arthritis in United States adults than previous ones","volume":"70","author":"Jafarzadeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2020.101242","article-title":"A comparison of risk factors for osteo- and rheumatoid arthritis using NHANES data","volume":"20","author":"Mohammed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prev. 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