{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T21:21:28Z","timestamp":1792185688981,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":157,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["LQ22H270004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ22H270004"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["LTGC24H270001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LTGC24H270001"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022490995"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022490995"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2023ZF087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZF087"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2023JKZKTS24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JKZKTS24"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Medicine and Health Science and Technology Plan Project","award":["LQ22H270004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ22H270004"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Medicine and Health Science and Technology Plan Project","award":["LTGC24H270001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LTGC24H270001"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Medicine and Health Science and Technology Plan Project","award":["2022490995"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022490995"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Medicine and Health Science and Technology Plan Project","award":["2023ZF087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZF087"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Medicine and Health Science and Technology Plan Project","award":["2023JKZKTS24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JKZKTS24"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project","award":["LQ22H270004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ22H270004"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project","award":["LTGC24H270001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LTGC24H270001"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project","award":["2022490995"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022490995"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project","award":["2023ZF087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZF087"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project","award":["2023JKZKTS24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JKZKTS24"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Research Foundation","award":["LQ22H270004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ22H270004"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Research Foundation","award":["LTGC24H270001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LTGC24H270001"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Research Foundation","award":["2022490995"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022490995"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Research Foundation","award":["2023ZF087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZF087"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Research Foundation","award":["2023JKZKTS24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JKZKTS24"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diterpenoids from marine-derived organisms represent a prolific source of secondary metabolites, characterized by their exceptionally promising chemical structures and pronounced pharmacological properties. In recent years, marine diterpenoids have garnered considerable attention and are regarded as a prominent area of scientific research. As a vital class of metabolites, diterpenoids show diverse biological activities, encompassing antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, inhibitory, and cytotoxic activities, among others. With the rapid advancement of equipment and identified technology, there has been a tremendous surge in the discovery rate of novel diterpenoid skeletons and bioactivities derived from marine fungi over the past decade. The present review compiles the reported diterpenoids from marine fungal sources mainly generated from January 2000 to December 2024. In this paper, 515 diterpenoids from marine organisms are summarized. Among them, a total of 281 structures from various fungal species are included, comprising 55 from sediment, 39 from marine animals (predominantly invertebrates, including 17 from coral and 22 from sponges), and 53 from marine plants (including 34 from algae and 19 from mangrove). Diverse biological activities are exhibited in 244 compounds, and among these, 112 compounds showed great anti-tumor activity (45.90%) and 110 metabolites showed remarkable cytotoxicity (45.08%). Furthermore, these compounds displayed a range of diverse bioactivities, including potent anti-oxidant activity (2.87%), promising anti-inflammatory activity (1.64%), great anti-bacterial activity (1.64%), notable anti-thrombotic activity (1.23%), etc. Moreover, the diterpenoids\u2019 structural characterization and biological activities are additionally elaborated upon. The present critical summary provides a comprehensive overview of the reported knowledge regarding diterpenoids derived from marine fungi, invertebrates, and aquatic plants. The systematic review presented herein offers medical researchers an extensive range of promising lead compounds for the development of marine drugs, thereby furnishing novel and valuable pharmaceutical agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md23030131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T11:02:31Z","timestamp":1742295751000},"page":"131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Diterpenoids of Marine Organisms: Isolation, Structures, and Bioactivities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7532-5489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shujie","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manjia","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peilu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenlong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310053, China"},{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiting","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunjie","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huaqiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luping","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0794-1308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiongyu","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e30","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30323-1","article-title":"Potential of marine natural products against drug-resistant fungal, viral, and parasitic infections","volume":"17","author":"Abdelmohsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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