{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T23:11:39Z","timestamp":1765667499543,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]],"date-time":"2025-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Zooca\u00aeLipids, Troms\u00f8, Norway","award":["60422758"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["60422758"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obesity increases the risk for insulin resistance (IR) and type-2 diabetes. Lifestyle interventions (LI) and dietary supplementation can help mitigate IR. We investigated the effect of calanus oil (CO) supplementation, combined with LI, on glucose homeostasis in obese subjects. CO, a novel marine oil, contains omega-3 fatty acid wax esters as well as plant sterols and astaxanthin. In the double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled 12-week intervention study, 266 subjects with distinct IR phenotypes were assigned to four groups: 2 g CO\/day, 4 g CO\/day, 2 g CO\/day + LI, and placebo. The effect of CO on HOMA index reduction was influenced by the initial (t0) squared HOMA index (interaction p = 0.011). A post hoc test showed significant improvement with 2 g CO\/day + LI (estimated marginal means [EMM] 95% confidence interval [CI]: \u22120.19 [\u22120.80\u20130.41], p = 0.021). Secondary analysis revealed that 4 g CO\/day had significant effects in subjects with mild IR (HOMA index 2.5\u20135.0) (EMM [95% CI]: \u22120.76 [\u22121.53\u20130.03], p = 0.043). CO supplementation improved glucose homeostasis, with effects varying by dose, combination with LI, and IR phenotype.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md23040139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T04:48:18Z","timestamp":1742791698000},"page":"139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Calanus Oil and Lifestyle Interventions Improve Glucose Homeostasis in Obese Subjects with Insulin Resistance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1937-9142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Kerlikowsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30159 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7505-9763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madeline","family":"Bartsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30159 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"NutritionLab, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, Osnabrueck University of Applied Sciences, 49090 Osnabrueck, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wiebke","family":"Jonas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30159 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8459-6582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30159 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan Philipp","family":"Schuchardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30159 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mirabelli, M., Chiefari, E., Arcidiacono, B., Corigliano, D.M., Brunetti, F.S., Maggisano, V., Russo, D., Foti, D.P., and Brunetti, A. 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