{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T04:09:44Z","timestamp":1789790984874,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]],"date-time":"2025-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nudibranchs have garnered increasing interest in biomedical research due to their complex chemical defense mechanisms, many of which are derived from their diet, including sponges, cnidarians, tunicates, and algae. Their remarkable ability to sequester dietary toxins and synthesize secondary metabolites positions them as a promising source of biologically active compounds with potential therapeutic applications, particularly in oncology. This study aimed to review and summarize the available literature on the bioactive potential of nudibranch-derived compounds, focusing mainly on their antitumor properties. Although research in this area is still limited, recent studies have identified alkaloids and terpenoids isolated from species such as Dolabella auricularia, Jorunna funebris, Dendrodoris fumata, and members of the genus Phyllidia. These compounds exhibit notable cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines, including those from colon (HCT-116, HT-29, SW-480), lung (A549), and breast (MCF7) cancer. These findings suggest that compounds derived from nudibranchs could serve as scaffolds for the development of more effective and selective anticancer therapies. In conclusion, nudibranchs represent a valuable yet underexplored resource for antitumor drug discovery, with significant potential to contribute to the development of novel cancer treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md23080319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T13:11:11Z","timestamp":1754313071000},"page":"319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Nudibranchs as Sources of Marine Natural Products with Antitumor Activity: A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3655-4630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1ximo","family":"Servillera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5697-2261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mercedes","family":"Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Cabeza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8445-4859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9ctor J.","family":"Pula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aula del Mar CEI\u00b7Mar, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4303-7746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose","family":"Prados","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3990-806X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Consolaci\u00f3n","family":"Melguizo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA A Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.0106","article-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Review","volume":"325","author":"Biller","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brianna, and Lee, S.H. (2023). Chemotherapy: How to Reduce Its Adverse Effects While Maintaining the Potency?. Med. Oncol., 40, 88.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-023-01954-6"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.02.014","article-title":"Pancreatic Cancer: Advances and Challenges","volume":"186","author":"Halbrook","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nooreldeen, R., and Bach, H. (2021). Current and Future Development in Lung Cancer Diagnosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168661"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bukowski, K., Kciuk, M., and Kontek, R. (2020). Mechanisms of Multidrug Resistance in Cancer Chemotherapy. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21093233"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-01195-4","article-title":"Targeting Metastatic Cancer","volume":"27","author":"Ganesh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2022.02.007","article-title":"Cancer Chemotherapy and beyond: Current Status, Drug Candidates, Associated Risks and Progress in Targeted Therapeutics","volume":"10","author":"Anand","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genes Dis."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papon, N., Copp, B.R., and Courdavault, V. (2022). Marine Drugs: Biology, Pipelines, Current and Future Prospects for Production. Biotechnol. Adv., 54.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2021.107871"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haque, N., Parveen, S., Tang, T., Wei, J., and Huang, Z. (2022). Marine Natural Products in Clinical Use. Mar. Drugs, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/md20080528"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5926","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-018-0394-x","article-title":"HMGA1\/E2F1 Axis and NFkB Pathways Regulate LPS Progression and Trabectedin Resistance","volume":"37","author":"Loria","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El-Tanani, M., Rabbani, S.A., Satyam, S.M., Rangraze, I.R., Wali, A.F., El-Tanani, Y., and Aljabali, A.A.A. (2025). Deciphering the Role of Cancer Stem Cells: Drivers of Tumor Evolution, Therapeutic Resistance, and Precision Medicine Strategies. Cancers, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17030382"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romano, G., Almeida, M., Varela Coelho, A., Cutignano, A., Gon\u00e7alves, L.G., Hansen, E., Khnykin, D., Mass, T., Ram\u0161ak, A., and Rocha, M.S. (2022). Biomaterials and Bioactive Natural Products from Marine Invertebrates: From Basic Research to Innovative Applications. Mar. Drugs, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/md20040219"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, S.-K. (2020). Cytotoxic and Antitumor Compounds from Marine Invertebrates. Encyclopedia of Marine Biotechnology, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119143802"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leal, M.C., Puga, J., Ser\u00f4dio, J., Gomes, N.C.M., and Calado, R. (2012). Trends in the Discovery of New Marine Natural Products from Invertebrates over the Last Two Decades\u2014Where and What Are We Bioprospecting?. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030580"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2024.116850","article-title":"Anticancer Potential of Active Alkaloids and Synthetic Analogs Derived from Marine Invertebrates","volume":"279","author":"Cai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.2174\/1573406416666200509235305","article-title":"Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Novel Mono- and Bis-Indole Derivatives: Analogues of Marine Alkaloid Nortopsentin","volume":"17","author":"Kamel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pecoraro, C., Terrana, F., Panzeca, G., Parrino, B., Cascioferro, S., Diana, P., Giovannetti, E., and Carbone, D. (2023). Nortopsentins as Leads from Marine Organisms for Anticancer and Anti-Inflammatory Agent Development. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28186450"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, C.-S., Liu, L.-T., Yang, L., Li, J., and Dong, X. (2022). Chemistry and Bioactivity of Marine-Derived Bisabolane Sesquiterpenoids: A Review. Front. Chem., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2022.881767"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, Q., Yu, S., Zhou, M., Wang, P., Li, W., Jin, X., Pan, Y., Sheng, Y., Li, H., and Qin, L. (2025). Diterpenoids of Marine Organisms: Isolation, Structures, and Bioactivities. Mar. Drugs, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/md23030131"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guryanova, S.V., Balandin, S.V., Belogurova-Ovchinnikova, O.Y., and Ovchinnikova, T.V. (2023). Marine Invertebrate Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Potential as Novel Peptide Antibiotics. Mar. Drugs, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/md21100503"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raymond, M.J.F., and Rakotondraibe, H.L. (2025). Recent Updates on Terpenoids and Other Bioactive Constituents of Marine Sponges. Molecules, 30.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30051112"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"100006","article-title":"Bioactives from Marine Resources as Natural Health Products: A Review","volume":"77","author":"Santhiravel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Badal, S., and Delgoda, R. (2017). Marine Metabolites: Oceans of Opportunity. Pharmacognosy, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NP00041C","article-title":"The Chemistry and Chemical Ecology of Nudibranchs","volume":"34","author":"Dean","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caso, A., da Silva, F.B., Esposito, G., Teta, R., Sala, G.D., Cavalcanti, L.P.A.N., Valverde, A.L., Martins, R.C.C., and Costantino, V. (2021). Exploring Chemical Diversity of Phorbas Sponges as a Source of Novel Lead Compounds in Drug Discovery. Mar. Drugs, 19.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202110.0354.v1"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheney, K.L., White, A., Mudianta, I.W., Winters, A.E., Quezada, M., Capon, R.J., Mollo, E., and Garson, M.J. (2016). Choose Your Weaponry: Selective Storage of a Single Toxic Compound, Latrunculin A, by Closely Related Nudibranch Molluscs. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0145134"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carbone, M., Gavagnin, M., Haber, M., Guo, Y.-W., Fontana, A., Manzo, E., Genta-Jouve, G., Tsoukatou, M., Rudman, W.B., and Cimino, G. (2013). Packaging and Delivery of Chemical Weapons: A Defensive Trojan Horse Stratagem in Chromodorid Nudibranchs. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062075"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cabeza, L., Pe\u00f1a, M., Mart\u00ednez, R., Mesas, C., Galisteo, M., Perazzoli, G., Prados, J., Porres, J.M., and Melguizo, C. (2021). Anemonia sulcata and Its Symbiont Symbiodinium as a Source of Anti-Tumor and Anti-Oxidant Compounds for Colon Cancer Therapy: A Preliminary In Vitro Study. Biology, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10020134"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7209","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-020-05709-8","article-title":"Bioactive Compounds from Marine Invertebrates as Potent Anticancer Drugs: The Possible Pharmacophores Modulating Cell Death Pathways","volume":"47","author":"Patra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4002\/040.061.0201","article-title":"Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families","volume":"61","author":"Bouchet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Malacologia"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.113472ab","article-title":"The Nematocyst: A Molecular Map of the Cnidarian Stinging Organelle","volume":"56","author":"Beckmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2009.02.029","article-title":"Acquisition and Use of Nematocysts by Cnidarian Predators","volume":"54","author":"Greenwood","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goodheart, J.A., Barone, V., and Lyons, D.C. (2022). Movement and Storage of Nematocysts across Development in the Nudibranch Berghia stephanieae (Vald\u00e9s, 2005). Front. Zool., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12983-022-00460-1"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1134\/S0012496622700181","article-title":"Morphological Organization of Cerata in the Nudibranch Pteraeolidia semperi (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia)","volume":"508","author":"Vorobyeva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dokl. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70062","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.70062","article-title":"Blue Angels Have Devil Hands: Predatory Behavior Using Cerata in Glaucus atlanticus","volume":"106","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01920760","article-title":"Transfer of Secondary Metabolites from the sponges Dysidea fragilis and Pleraplysilla spinifera to the Mantle Dermal Formations (MDFs) of the nudibranch Hypserlodoris webbi","volume":"50","author":"Fontana","year":"1994","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-9994-2-3","article-title":"Opisthobranchia (Mollusca, Gastropoda)\u2014More than Just Slimy Slugs. Shell Reduction and Its Implications on Defence and Foraging","volume":"2","year":"2005","journal-title":"Front. Zool."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-018-0941-5","article-title":"Distribution of Defensive Metabolites in Nudibranch Molluscs","volume":"44","author":"Winters","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Chem. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prieto-Ba\u00f1os, S., and Layton, K.K.S. (2025). Tracing the Evolution of Key Traits in Dorid Nudibranchs. PLoS ONE, 20.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0317704"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gomes, N.G.M., Dasari, R., Chandra, S., Kiss, R., and Kornienko, A. (2016). Marine Invertebrate Metabolites with Anticancer Activities: Solutions to the \u201cSupply Problem\u201d Mar. Drugs, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/md14050098"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1080\/10286020.2021.1871605","article-title":"Two Nitrogenous Sesquiterpenoids from the Nudibranch Phyllidiella pustulosa","volume":"24","author":"Kurnianda","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruiz-Torres, V., Rodr\u00edguez-P\u00e9rez, C., Herranz-L\u00f3pez, M., Mart\u00edn-Garc\u00eda, B., G\u00f3mez-Caravaca, A.-M., Arr\u00e1ez-Rom\u00e1n, D., Segura-Carretero, A., Barraj\u00f3n-Catal\u00e1n, E., and Micol, V. (2019). Marine Invertebrate Extracts Induce Colon Cancer Cell Death via ROS-Mediated DNA Oxidative Damage and Mitochondrial Impairment. Biomolecules, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9120771"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, Q., Chen, W.-T., Li, S.-W., Ye, J.-Y., Huan, X.-J., Gavagnin, M., Yao, L.-G., Wang, H., Miao, Z.-H., and Li, X.-W. (2019). Cytotoxic Nitrogenous Terpenoids from Two South China Sea Nudibranchs Phyllidiella pustulosa, Phyllidia coelestis, and Their Sponge-Prey Acanthella cavernosa. Mar. Drugs, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/md17010056"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2158","DOI":"10.1021\/np4007074","article-title":"Bridged Tricyclic Sesquiterpenes from the Tubercle Nudibranch Phyllidia coelestis Bergh","volume":"76","author":"Jaisamut","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/10286020.2018.1543280","article-title":"Dendrodoristerol, a Cytotoxic C20 Steroid from the Vietnamese Nudibranch Mollusk Dendrodoris fumata","volume":"22","author":"Huong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1021\/np000639g","article-title":"Dendocarbins A\u2212N, New Drimane Sesquiterpenes from the Nudibranch Dendrodoris carbunculosa","volume":"64","author":"Sakio","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"17","article-title":"Bioactive Isoquinolinequinone Alkaloids from the South China Sea Nudibranch Jorunna funebris and Its Sponge-Prey Xestospongia Sp. Future Med","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.55.81","article-title":"Jorunnamycins A\u2014C, New Stabilized Renieramycin-Type Bistetrahydroisoquinolines Isolated from the Thai Nudibranch Jorunna funebris","volume":"55","author":"Charupant","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7305","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4020(00)00629-3","article-title":"A New Antitumor Isoquinoline Alkaloid from the Marine Nudibranch Jorunna funebris","volume":"56","author":"Fontana","year":"2000","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202300457","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.202300457","article-title":"Chemistry, Chemo-Ecology, and Biological Activities of Uncommon and Structurally Diverse Sesquiterpenoids from the Sanya Bay Nudibranch Hexabranchus sanguineus","volume":"29","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem.\u2014Eur. J."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.6b00896","article-title":"Ulapualides C\u2013E Isolated from a Hawaiian Hexabranchus sanguineus Egg Mass","volume":"80","author":"Parrish","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00264a052","article-title":"Ulapualide A and B, Extraordinary Antitumor Macrolides from Nudibranch Eggmasses","volume":"108","author":"Roesener","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2010.02.020","article-title":"A New Cytotoxic Tambjamine Alkaloid from the Azorean Nudibranch Tambja ceutae","volume":"20","author":"Carbone","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2008.05.029","article-title":"Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Tambjamine D, an Alkaloid Isolated from the Nudibranch Tambja eliora, on Chinese Hamster Lung Fibroblasts","volume":"174","author":"Cavalcanti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-40422005000200005","article-title":"Produtos naturais da asc\u00eddia Botrylloides giganteum, das esponjas Verongula gigantea, Ircinia felix, Cliona delitrix e do nudibr\u00e2nquio Tambja eliora, da costa do Brasil","volume":"28","author":"Granato","year":"2005","journal-title":"Qu\u00edm. Nova"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.3390\/md10081799","article-title":"Chemistry of the Nudibranch Aldisa andersoni: Structure and Biological Activity of Phorbazole Metabolites","volume":"10","author":"Nuzzo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Forster, L.C., Clegg, J.K., Cheney, K.L., and Garson, M.J. (2021). Expanding the Repertoire of Spongian-16-One Derivatives in Australian Nudibranchs of the Genus Goniobranchus and Evaluation of Their Anatomical Distribution. Mar. Drugs, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/md19120680"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1021\/np200342k","article-title":"Tritoniopsins A\u2013D, Cladiellane-Based Diterpenes from the South China Sea Nudibranch Tritoniopsis elegans and Its Prey Cladiella krempfi","volume":"74","author":"Ciavatta","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"1301","article-title":"Encapsulation of Eggs by Marine Gastropods: Effect of Variation in Capsule from on the Vulnerability of Embryos to Predation","volume":"48","author":"Rawlings","year":"1994","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1006\/jipa.2001.5047","article-title":"Chemical Defense in the Egg Masses of Benthic Invertebrates: An Assessment of Antibacterial Activity in 39 Mollusks and 4 Polychaetes","volume":"78","author":"Benkendorff","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.14499\/indonesianjpharm27iss2pp104","article-title":"Bioactive Terpenoid from the Balinese Nudibranch Hypselodoris infucata","volume":"27","author":"Mudianta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indones. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1071\/CH15203","article-title":"New Cytotoxic Norditerpenes from the Australian Nudibranchs Goniobranchus splendidus and Goniobranchus daphne","volume":"69","author":"Hirayama","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aust. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-06-0760","article-title":"Reactive Oxygen Species Mediated Apoptosis of Esophageal Cancer Cells Induced by Marine Triprenyl Toluquinones and Toluhydroquinones","volume":"6","author":"Whibley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1021\/np990186j","article-title":"Two New Cytotoxic Carbonimidic Dichlorides from the Nudibranch Reticulidia fungia","volume":"62","author":"Tanaka","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2012.08.045","article-title":"Palmadorin Chemodiversity from the Antarctic Nudibranch Austrodoris kerguelenensis and Inhibition of Jak2\/STAT5-Dependent HEL Leukemia Cells","volume":"68","author":"Maschek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8187","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-4020(96)00388-2","article-title":"Dorisenones, Cytotoxic Spongian Diterpenoids, from the Nudibranch Chromodoris obsoleta","volume":"52","author":"Miyamoto","year":"1996","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saini, R.K., Prasad, P., Shang, X., and Keum, Y.-S. (2021). Advances in Lipid Extraction Methods\u2014A Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222413643"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2024.130019","article-title":"Separation of Chemical Groups from Wood Tar via Sequential Organic Solvent Extraction and Glycerol-Assisted Distillation","volume":"357","author":"Sui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.8b00125","article-title":"Cheminformatic Insight into the Differences between Terrestrial and Marine Originated Natural Products","volume":"58","author":"Shang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Chem. Inf. Model."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.3390\/md11051602","article-title":"Meroterpenes from Marine Invertebrates: Structures, Occurrence, and Ecological Implications","volume":"11","author":"Menna","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruiz-Torres, V., Forsythe, N., P\u00e9rez-S\u00e1nchez, A., Van Schaeybroeck, S., Barraj\u00f3n-Catal\u00e1n, E., and Micol, V. (2021). A Nudibranch Marine Extract Selectively Chemosensitizes Colorectal Cancer Cells by Inducing ROS-Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Front. Pharmacol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.625946"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gomes, N.G.M., Fernandes, F., Madureira-Carvalho, \u00c1., Valent\u00e3o, P., Lobo-da-Cunha, A., Calado, G., and Andrade, P.B. (2018). Profiling of Heterobranchia Sea Slugs from Portuguese Coastal Waters as Producers of Anti-Cancer and Anti-Inflammatory Agents. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23051027"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2006.12.014","article-title":"Arachidonic and Docosahexaenoic Acids Reduce the Growth of A549 Human Lung-Tumor Cells Increasing Lipid Peroxidation and PPARs","volume":"165","author":"Trombetta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2736","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2015.3110","article-title":"Role of Autophagy in the \u03a9-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-Induced Death of Lung Cancer A549 Cells","volume":"9","author":"Yao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.0c01043","article-title":"Metabolomics Reveals Minor Tambjamines in a Marine Invertebrate Food Chain","volume":"84","author":"Takaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zappavigna, S., Cossu, A.M., Grimaldi, A., Bocchetti, M., Ferraro, G.A., Nicoletti, G.F., Filosa, R., and Caraglia, M. (2020). Anti-Inflammatory Drugs as Anticancer Agents. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21072605"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-009-0057-3","article-title":"Effect of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on the Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species Production by Raw 264.7 Macrophages","volume":"49","author":"Ambrozova","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202203858","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.202203858","article-title":"Structurally Diverse Diterpenoids from the Sanya Bay Nudibranch Hexabranchus sanguineus and Its Sponge-Prey Chelonaplysilla Sp.","volume":"29","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem.\u2014Eur. J."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01322","article-title":"Inflammation and Cancer","volume":"420","author":"Coussens","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01757-9","article-title":"NF-\u03baB in Biology and Targeted Therapy: New Insights and Translational Implications","volume":"9","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roberti, A., Chaffey, L.E., and Greaves, D.R. (2022). NF-\u03baB Signaling and Inflammation\u2014Drug Repurposing to Treat Inflammatory Disorders?. Biology, 11.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202201.0303.v1"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, R., Ren, Y., Ren, T., Yu, Y., Li, B., and Zhou, X. (2025). Marine-Derived Antioxidants: A Comprehensive Review of Their Therapeutic Potential in Oxidative Stress-Associated Diseases. Mar. Drugs, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/md23060223"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopes, D., Cunha, E., Conde, T., Moreira, A., Cruz, S., Domingues, P., Oliveira, M., and Cartaxana, P. (2024). Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Mucus of the Tropical Sea Slug Elysia crispata. Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29194593"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8168","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.joc.4c00851","article-title":"Mechanistic Insights into the Antioxidant and Pro-Oxidant Activities of Bromophenols from Marine Algae: A DFT Investigation","volume":"89","author":"Boulebd","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ka\u017amierczak-Bara\u0144ska, J., Boguszewska, K., Adamus-Grabicka, A., and Karwowski, B.T. (2020). Two Faces of Vitamin C\u2014Antioxidative and Pro-Oxidative Agent. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051501"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.4236\/ajps.2023.141002","article-title":"Dual Role of Plant Phenolic Compounds as Antioxidants and Prooxidants","volume":"14","author":"Rajashekar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jomori, T., Higa, N., Hokama, S., Tyas, T.A., Matsuura, N., Ueda, Y., Kimura, R., Arizono, S., de Voogd, N.J., and Hayashi, Y. (2024). A Novel Sesterterpenoid, Petrosaspongin and \u03b3-Lactone Sesterterpenoids with Leishmanicidal Activity from Okinawan Marine Invertebrates. Mar. Drugs, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/md23010016"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.3762\/bjoc.16.132","article-title":"Antibacterial Scalarane from Doriprismatica stellata Nudibranchs (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia), Egg Ribbons, and Their Dietary Sponge Spongia Cf. Agaricina (Demospongiae, Dictyoceratida)","volume":"16","author":"Hertzer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Beilstein J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2017.1357297","article-title":"Anticancer Effects of Seaweed Compounds Fucoxanthin and Phloroglucinol, Alone and in Combination with 5-Fluorouracil in Colon Cells","volume":"80","author":"Abreu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2019.1634378","article-title":"Cytotoxic Activity of the Seaweed Compound Fucosterol, Alone and in Combination with 5-Fluorouracil, in Colon Cells Using 2D and 3D Culturing","volume":"82","author":"Ramos","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8097","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.orglett.9b03094","article-title":"Chrysosporazines A-E: P-Glycoprotein Inhibitory Piperazines from an Australian Marine Fish Gastrointestinal Tract-Derived Fungus, Chrysosporium Sp. CMB-F214","volume":"21","author":"Elbanna","year":"2019","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elbanna, A.H., Agampodi Dewa, A., Khalil, Z.G., and Capon, R.J. (2021). Precursor-Directed Biosynthesis Mediated Amplification of Minor Aza Phenylpropanoid Piperazines in an Australian Marine Fish-Gut-Derived Fungus, Chrysosporium Sp. CMB-F214. Mar. Drugs, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/md19090478"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.9b01181","article-title":"Chrysosporazines F\u2013M: P-Glycoprotein Inhibitory Phenylpropanoid Piperazines from an Australian Marine Fish Derived Fungus, Chrysosporium Sp. CMB-F294","volume":"83","author":"Mohamed","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8093","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.8093","article-title":"Bioactivity of Compounds Secreted by Symbiont Bacteria of Nudibranchs from Indonesia","volume":"8","author":"Kristiana","year":"2020","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10525","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.10525","article-title":"The Natural Product Biosynthetic Potential of Red Sea Nudibranch Microbiomes","volume":"9","author":"Abdelrahman","year":"2021","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.margen.2022.101004","article-title":"Bioactivity of Bacteria Associated with Red Sea Nudibranchs and Whole Genome Sequence of Nocardiopsis dassonvillei RACA-4","volume":"67","author":"Elfeky","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mar. Genomics"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdelrahman, S.M., Dosoky, N.S., Hanora, A.M., and Lopanik, N.B. (2022). Metabolomic Profiling and Molecular Networking of Nudibranch-Associated Streptomyces Sp. SCSIO 001680. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27144542"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.13057\/biodiv\/d200704","article-title":"Antibacterial Potential of Nudibranch-Associated Bacteria from Saparua and Nusa Laut Islands, Indonesia","volume":"20","author":"Kristiana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biodivers. J. Biol. Divers."}],"container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-3397\/23\/8\/319\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:22:19Z","timestamp":1760034139000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-3397\/23\/8\/319"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["md23080319"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/md23080319","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-3397"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-3397","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]]}}}