{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T03:00:49Z","timestamp":1789441249765,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC2804600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2804600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42006096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42006096"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC2804600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2804600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42006096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42006096"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the potential of the deep-sea-derived fungal metabolite, chlorinated azaphilone compound chaetomugilin O, in the treatment of thyroid cancer. Chaetomugilin O was extracted from the fungus Chaetomium globosum YP-106 and subjected to in vitro experiments. The results demonstrated that this compound significantly inhibited the proliferation of thyroid cancer CAL-62 cells in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 13.57 \u00b5M. Further mechanistic studies revealed that chaetomugilin O exerts its antitumor effects by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, G2\/M phase cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Transcriptomic analysis indicated its regulatory role in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, suggesting a multi-target synergistic antitumor mechanism. Molecular docking confirmed that chaetomugilin O binds to the Akt protein, forming a hydrogen bond with Lys158, implying its potential to directly inhibit Akt activity and interfere with PI3K-Akt pathway function. This study provides experimental evidence for the development of novel, low-toxicity, highly effective therapeutic agents for thyroid cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md23100370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T07:46:49Z","timestamp":1758786409000},"page":"370","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cytotoxic Mechanism of Deep-Sea Fungus Chaetomium globosum YP-106 Metabolite Chaetomugilin O in Thyroid Cancer Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yaqin","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhui","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuting","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peiqing","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MNR Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guian","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-024-01593-y","article-title":"Global burden of thyroid cancer from 1990 to 2021: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"17","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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