{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T10:10:42Z","timestamp":1760091042881,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias del Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["PI19\/01282"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI19\/01282"]}]},{"name":"Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional to MF and the Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","award":["PID2022-136535OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-136535OB-I00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aging, one of the main factors associated with cardiovascular diseases, induces vascular modifications through nitric oxide (NO) release and oxidative stress. Based on the antioxidant properties of the non-enzymatic spirulina extract (non-Enz-Spir-E) and that degrading enzymes enhances the extract bioactivity, the aim of this study was to analyze the in vitro effect of an Alcalase-assisted Enz-Spir-E on the vasodilator function of conduit and resistance arteries (which differently contribute to blood pressure regulation) in aging. Therefore, thoracic aorta (TA) and mesenteric arteries (MA) from male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats (20\u201322 months-old) were divided into two groups: non-incubated vessels and vessels exposed to Enz-Spir-E (0.1% w\/v) for 3 h. The vasodilation to acetylcholine (ACh), sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a NO donor), carbon-monoxide-releasing molecule (CORM), and cromakalim (a potassium channel opener), as well as NO and superoxide anion production, were studied. Enz-Spir-E increased the ACh-, SNP-, and CORM-induced responses in both types of arteries, while the cromalakim-induced relaxation was increased only in MA. Enz-Spir-E increased NO release (TA: 5.69-fold; MA: 1.79-fold), while it reduced superoxide anion formation (TA: 0.52-fold; MA: 0.66-fold). These results indicate that Enz-Spir-E improves aging-associated vasodilation through increasing NO release\/bioavailability in both types of arteries and hyperpolarizing mechanisms only in MA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md23100395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T08:22:08Z","timestamp":1759911728000},"page":"395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enzymatic Spirulina Extract Enhances the Vasodilation in Aorta and Mesenteric Arteries of Aged Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6304-0673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal S.","family":"Majewski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mercedes","family":"Klett-Mingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro Nacional de Alimentaci\u00f3n, AESAN, Ministerio de Consumo, 28220 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos M.","family":"Verdasco-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biocat\u00e1lisis, Instituto de Cat\u00e1lisis y Petroleoqu\u00edmica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4813-4142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Otero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biocat\u00e1lisis, Instituto de Cat\u00e1lisis y Petroleoqu\u00edmica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mercedes","family":"Ferrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.11.005","article-title":"The Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk: A Compass for Future Health","volume":"80","author":"Vaduganathan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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